Proteins
How many parts are in the process of protein synthesis?
TWO PARTS: transcription and translation
What is the function of DNA?
To store genetic information.
What are the four nitrogen bases?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.
What is the function of RNA?
They transmit and copy gentic information.
Which step comes first: transcription or translation?
Transcription
What does the word synthesis mean?
It means 'to make'
In what shape is the DNA?
The DNA is in the shape of the double helix.
Which nitrogen bases pair together?
Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine.
What is the structure of RNA?
RNA is in a single helix structure.
What happens if there is a mistake in transcription or translation?
Mutations
Where does protein synthesis take place?
It takes place in the ribosomes.
What is DNA made of?
It is made up of deoxyribose sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases.
Why do nitrogen bases pair with another specific base?
This is because the amount of one nitrogen base equals the amount of another nitrogen base. Ex- the amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine.
What is RNA composed of?
It is made of ribose sugar and phosphate backbone.
What are the three types of mutations?
Substitution, insertion, and deletion.
What is protein synthesis?
Protein synthesis is the process in which proteins are made.
Where is DNA located?
What is the purpose of the sugar & phosphate backbone in a DNA molecule?
It helps to maintain the structure of the DNA ladder.
Where is RNA located?
It is located in the cytoplasm.
True or False: Mutations can be postive, negative, and neutral.
True
What are proteins?
They are complex molecules made up of amino acids.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Why is DNA considered antiparallel?
This is because the nucleotides connect at the base pairs but the phosphates on the side are pointing in opposite directions.
Uracil is a substitute for which base in RNA?
Thymine
What are possible illnesses caused by mutations in these processes?
Genetic disorders such as extra limbs, heterochromia, and possibly cancer.