Soil
Improve soil
Nutrients and pH
Greenhouse Pests
IPM
100

Pore space is made up of what?

water and air

100

Ingredients of soil?

Lime, Peat Moss, Perlite, Tree Bark, Fertilizers, Vermiculite

100

what is the ideal soil pH level

5.6 - 7

100

How to monitor for pests?

Inspect the plants and facilities regularly, sticky cards 

100

what does IPM stand for and what does IPM do?

Integrated pest management and Elimination of pest by other methods than chemicals.

200

What are the mineral particles in ideal soil compositions? 

Sand, Silt, Clay

200

ways to help with moisture retention? and ways to help with drainage?

moisture retention - Mulch, Organic

drainage - Organic Matter or Raise Plant Beds, Add Sand

200

What are the major nutrients and what do they do?

Nitrogen(N) - Encourages above ground vegetation, green coloring, Regulates the use of other nutrients

Phosphorus(P) - Forms flowers and Seeds, Root Growth, Disease Resistance, Cell Division

Potassium(K) - Also helps with disease resistance, Uses CO2, Roots

200

How do you prevent pests?

Inspect the plants before bringing into the greenhouse

Clean and disinfect Greenhouse in between crops

Repair the greenhouse

Standing Water, get rid of it

Mow the grass around it

200

what are cultural practices?

Related to management of the greenhouse; Weed control, plant spacing, correct environmental conditions, Sanitation

300

Three natural factors for plant success.

1. Sunlight

2. Moisture

3. Soil Conditions

300

What is humus?

Compost; Increasing the water holding capacity and good bacteria

300

How to change soil acidity? More acidic and less acidic

More acidic - Lime

Less acidic - Sulfur, Aluminum Sulfate

300

what are the descriptions for aphids, fungus gnats, shore flies.

Aphids - Soft bodied, Green, Colonies/Groups, Piercing/Sucking Damage

Fungus Gnats - Small Black, Fly like, Long Legs

Shore Flies - Smoky wings with spots, Red Eyes

300

What are Physical/Mechanical Controls?

Related to buildings and equipment; screens, ventilation, sticky cards

400
What is the size of soil particles and what is ideal soil?

Clay - smallest, poor drainage

Silt - middle

Sand - Largest, drains the fastest

Ideal Soil - a combination of all three particles.

400

ways you can help with disease control?

Pasteurize the soil; Purchase resistant varieties, Use chemicals to treat, but not too much so they build a resistance

400

Signs of deficiency?

Nitrogen - Yellow or Green, Weak Stem

Phosphorus - Purple Coloring, Diseased Plants

Potassium - Rust or Brass Color, Leaf and Root Damage

400

what are the descriptions for thrips, whiteflies, and mites?

Thrips - Slender Bodied, Very Small, 2 sets of wings, Long Hair

Whiteflies - Appears orange on sticky cards, White around the plants

Mites - Can’t see the mites, can see damage on leaves and stems, speckled/mottle appearance, webbing

400

What are Chemical Controls?

Pesticides as needed; Targeted is best

500

What is gravitational and capillary water?

Gravitational - Unable to fight gravity; flows through the soil; Not usable by plants

Capillary - Can fight against gravity, Water is held by the soil; Usable to the plants

500

Pros and cons of bagged soil

Pros - Mixed/Uniform throughout, sterile, lighter/easy to carry, moisture retention

Cons - Nutrition and mineral content can be low, Containers can blow over

500

Above ground environmental factors. temp, light, humidity, diseases, insects, and gasses

Temp - Some plants need it cooler and some plants need it warmer

Light - All plants require it for photosynthesis

Humidity - When it’s too high fungus and disease can occur, too low means it can dry out

Diseases - Death and damage

Insects - Death and Damage

Gasses - Need carbon dioxide to fuel food production

500

what are the descriptions of cutworms, cabbages looper, leaf miners, and mealybugs

Cutworm - Immature stage of a moth; looks like worm or caterpillar, Root Damage

Cabbages Looper - Pale Green Worm; two pairs of pro-legs; Leaf damage

Leaf miners - Larvae of small flies, Feed on the leaf surfaces, Light colored flies

Mealybugs - Soft Bodied, Feed on Plant Sap, Grey/White Spots, leave behind thick layer of honeydew, turns into mold

500

What are Biological Controls?

Using living organisms; Parasitic Insects, Predatory mites, nematodes

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