Chapter3
is the network of interdependent components and processes , with materials and energy flowing from one component of the system to another.
System
the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 3.7–6.2 miles.
Troposphere
the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food.
Food security
the soil lying immediately under the surface soil.
Subsoil
It exists in three distinct states- Solid,liquid,and gas- due to differences in the arrangement of its constituent particles.
Matter
those that receive inputs from their surroundings and produce outputs that leave the system.
Open system
heat-driven cycles that occur in the air, ocean, and mantle.
Convection currents
extreme scarcity of food.
Famines
This is when the water runs and cut through the clayey soil and makes deep channels known as gullies.
Gully erosion
matter consisting of —--------- such as P(phosphorus) or N(nitrogen , which are H, and N- make up more than 96 percent of the mass of the most living organisms.
Elements
an exchange or matter with its surroundings , but these are rare.
Closed system
a layer of Earth's atmosphere.
Stratosphere
-lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.
Malnourishment
This type of erosion occurs as water flows over a hillslope and cuts shallow, curvy channels into the top soil.
Rill erosion
the smallest particle that exhibit the characteristics of an element.
Atoms
is the flow of energy and matter into through , and out of a system.
Throughput
the heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapor, or a liquid into a vapor, without change of temperature.
Latent heat
being overweight
Obese
The removal of soil and other materials such as vegetations and rock, from the streamback.
Streamback erosion
the number of neutrons in the atoms of an element can vary slightly.
Atomic number
system can change, though , sometimes ,suddenly occurs if you pass certain limit
Equilibrium
the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
the upper layer of soil
Topsoil
This is the removal of soil layers one after another, caused by running water over a period of time.
Sheet erosion
this is an increase in the total dissolved solids of the aquifer caused by natural or anthropogenic factors.
Salinization