Digestion, Absorption, and Transport
The process of digestion begins here
The mouth
Name the 3 monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
What is known as the "good" cholesterol?
HDL
What are essential amino acids?
amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the body and must be obtained from food; 9 essential amino acids
Name one population who should always avoid alcohol
Pregnant/ breastfeeding women, people with a history of alcoholism, people taking medications that may interact with alcohol, people operating machinery
T/F: Anabolism is the building up process, catabolism is the breaking down
True
This enzyme starts the breakdown of starch in the mouth
Salivary amylase
20-35%
What is the main function of proteins?
they are the building blocks for most body structures
Which two monosaccharides make up sucrose?
Glucose + fructose
A typical cell contain “powerhouses” , which is another name for_____
Mitochondria
Maltase breaks down maltose into what two monosaccharides?
Glucose + Glucose
A fatty acid that has one double bond is called a
Monounsaturated fatty acid
What is protein denaturation?
the breakdown of proteins, that alters proteins structure and destroys its function.
What is the recommended amount of trans fat that someone should have in their diet?
as little as possible
Insulin and glucagon are produced here
Pancreas
Most carbohydrate absorption takes place in the...
Small Intestine
What percent of your daily energy intake should come from saturated fat?
<10%
What causes food allergies?
proteins; they can trigger an immune response in people with the allergy
Name the four types of lipoproteins
chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, & HDL
Accessory Organs that produce, store, and secrete enzymes and other chemicals involved in digestion
Gallbladder, pancreas and liver
The most common type of diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Name the three types of lipids that are found in foods, body cells, & tissues
triglycerides, phospholipids, & sterols
What source of protein is the highest quality?
animal proteins
Proteins that act as catalysts and speed up reactions are
Enzymes