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Have you done the SPOT evaluation?
YES!
What organ removes abnormally shaped blood cells from the body?
Spleen
Two categories of anemia
Accelerated RBC loss, Decreased RBC production
Which has higher affinity? Fetal or maternal hemoglobin?
Fetal
A person with anemia will have ____ maximum oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin
lower
COPD includes what *3* diseases?
Asthma, emphysema, Chronic bronchitis
Lower oxygen partial pressure and higher carbon dioxide partial pressure might occur in what case?
Hypoventilation
Ah! Your Oxygen is low, what organ is responsible for creating more RBCs to get oxygen transported?
Kidney
High pH would increase or decrease oxygen affinity?
Increase
In the lungs, low CO2 so low H+ and high pH
Spiderman defeated Doctor Octopus with Cyanide! What kind of hypoxia does he have?
Histotoxic
Alevolar Ventilation equation
(TV-DS) * RR
Hyperventilation causes higher partial pressure of oxygen and lower of CO2. If we need oxygen why is this bad?
CO2 is the driving force of breathing
What is one reason sickle cell anemia Is more common in those with African ancestry?
Why might someone who had a gastric bypass have anemia?
Low intrinisic factor produced in the stomach so low B12 absorportion. B12 needed for RBC production
You are struggling from anemia :( why not take a whole bunch of iron pills?
- might not even be because of low iron
- iron is toxic to the liver
What happens during an asthma attack?
What equation proves that CO2 and pH are related?
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-
Percent saturation of Hb is impacted by what 4 things?
What happens to the globin, heme, and iron of hemoglobin when it is broken down?
Globin- broken down to amino acids and reused for protein synthesis
Heme- Turns into bilirubin and excreted in bile
Iron- recycled
Erythrocyte vs Erythropoiten vs Erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis which leads to increased production of erythrocytes
Label A through D
Inspiratory Reserve Volume, Tital Volume, Expiratory Reserve Volume, Residual Volume
How does high CO2 impact H+ and pH?
How does low H+ impact CO2 and pH?
How does low pH impact CO2 and H+?
How does high CO2 impact H+ and pH? High H+ low pH
How does low H+ impact CO2 and pH? low CO2, high pH
How does low pH impact CO2 and H+? High CO2, High H+
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-
Label E through H
A neonate's blood is breaking down excessively and now their skin is yellow?! How could that be related? What's the treatment?
Hemoglobin breaks down and one of the byproducts is heme that turns into bilirubin. Bilirubin can build up and cause the yellow skin. Common in neonates because young liver and blood is turning over quickly. UV light treatment may help.
Steps of hemostasis for blood loss
Vasoconstriction
Platelet plugs because of exposed collagen and tissue factor
Coagulation Cascade leading to thrombosis (clot)