Neuron Function
These structures at the end of an axon are responsible for releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse
Axon terminals
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in our nervous system
GABA
This cognitive bias causes people to assume that someone with one positive trait, like attractiveness, also possesses other positive traits
The halo effect
What is a risk factor for developing MS?
Being 20+
Genetic predisposition
Vitamin D deficiency
Being a female
Painkilling hormone
Endorphins
These structures on a neuron receive signals from other cells
Dendrites
This is the primary distinction between hormones and neurotransmitters regarding where they are released
Hormones are released into the bloodstream for widespread effects, while neurotransmitters are released at synapses for quick, localized effects
This phenomenon occurs when a belief or expectation about a person leads to behaviors that cause the expectation to come true
Self-fulfilling prophecy
What are two symptoms of MS?
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Visual disturbances
Cognitive impairment
Mood regulating hormone
Serotonin
The insulating layer that speeds up nerve impulses along an axon is called this
Myelin sheath
This is the primary distinction between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the nervous system
Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of a neuron firing, while inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease it
This type of question suggests a particular answer or contains information that prompts a specific response, often used in legal settings to influence testimony
A leading question
Explain what ‘idiopathic’ means
A disease of unknown cause
This process involves the elimination of excess neurons and synapses, helping to refine neural connections and improve the efficiency of the brain's circuitry
Pruning
When a neuron sends a signal to another neuron, it releases these chemicals
Neurontransmitters
This neurotransmitter is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is crucial for learning and memory
Glutamate
This phenomenon occurs when a witness's attention is drawn to a weapon during a crime, impairing their ability to remember other details about the event
Weapon focus effect
Explain what MS does to the myelin sheath of a neuron
Attacks the myelin sheath which is the protective covering of nerve fibres in the central nervous system. This results in inflammation and damage to the myelin sheath, disrupting the transmission of nerve signals between the brain and the body.
This term refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life in response to learning, experience, or injury
Brain plasticity
This term refers to the process where neurons form new connections and pathways in response to injury or learning, enhancing communication and recovery
Sprouting
This neurotransmitter is deficient in patients with Parkinson's disease, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors and rigidity
Dopamine
This psychological theory explains criminal behavior as learned through observation and imitation
The social learning theory
1+1=
2