Mitosis
What is mitosis?
1 cell duplicating becoming 2 cells
What macromolecule are enzymes?
proteins
What are the two purposes of the cell cycle?
growth and repair
What is cancer?
uncontrolled cell division
What do enzymes DO?
speed up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
What are the 5 phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
What does the substrate bind to on an enzyme?
What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?
benign- remain in one place
malignant- metastasize
What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions?
catabolic- break down larger molecules into simpler compounds
anabolic- build larger molecules from smaller ones
What phase of mitosis do the chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell?
anaphase
HOW do enzymes speed up a chemical reaction?
by lowering the activation energy
What are the 3 phases of interphase?
G1, S, G2
What are some things that can cause cancer? Name 3
exposure to carcinogens, age, viruses,
What is the difference between exo and endo thermic reactions?
exothermic- release energy
endothermic- absorb energy
Is mitosis between plant and animal cells different?
Yes, in cytokinesis plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells form a cleavage furrow
What can cause an enzyme to become 'denatured'?
temperature, ph, solubility
When does the cell duplicate it's chromosomes?
S phase of interphase
What is 'programmed cell death' called?
apoptosis
What are 'reactants' and 'products' in terms of a chemical reaction?
reactants- 'substrate' what is changed during the reaction
products- what you end up with
If a cell has 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have after mitosis?
8
How can a competitive inhibitor slow down a chemical reaction?
it competes with the enzyme for the active site.
What is a chromatid?
One half of a duplicated chromosome
Is cellular respiration an endo or exo thermic reaction?
exothermic