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This induction agent combination ensures smooth muscle relaxation with minimal excitement.
What is Ketamine and Diazepam/Midazolam?
This drug is a reliable sedative with a quick onset but may cause bradycardia and hypotension.
What is Xylazine?
When used alone, this induction agent can cause increased muscle tone in horses.
Ketamine
This drug class consisting of Xylazine, Detomidine, and Romifidine have many advantages such as....
1) can be given IV, IM, PO
2) Reversible
3) Has Anagesic effect
4) Muscle relaxation
5) not scheduled
This premedication offers longer sedation and analgesia than xylazine.
What is Detomidine?
This drug is a less reliable sedative in adult ruminants, and increases regurgitation in ruminants.
What is Acepromazine?
Which drug is known for causing penile injury and is contraindicated in stallions?
Acepromazine
This drug alone has poor sedation in adults, is scheduled, and has concerns for recumbency, and you CAN NOT USE IN LACTATING ANIMALS
Benzodiazepenes
This mild sedative is known for reducing stress but does not provide analgesia.
What is acepromazine
This is good at low or sub-anesthetic doses IV for foals and calves.
What is propofol
This drugshould never be given as a sedative on its own to Large Animals.
What is an opioid (butorphanol, morphine, buprenorphine)
What is Alfaxalone
This premedication can result in a startled arousal if the horse is disturbed during sedation.
What is Xylazine
What is xylazine?
This drug is only used in emergency because it reduces gut motility.
Offers long duration sedation with less ataxia than xylazine or detomidine, making it a good option for standing procedures, although it shares similar cardiovascular effects and can decrease GI motility
Romifidine
This Induction agent is less commonly used in field settings due to its cost and high volume requirement for large animals.
What is propfol?
Betty the Holstein was sedated with Xylazine today, but the farmer is going to be butcher her. What is the easlist day to send to slaughter, and when can she be milked?
Meat withdrawal: 4 days for vet prep purposes (3 in canada)
Milk withdrawal: 3 days (2 in canada)
Acepromazine: meat withdrawal 7 days and milk 48 hours
Lidocaine: Meat =4days milk = 3 days (in canada 1d)
This drug can cause severe tissue damage if injected outside the vein.
Thiopental
A mixed opiod agonist-antagonist, provides mild-moderate analgesia with minimal cardiovascular effects and enhances the sedative actions of alpha 2 agonists. However, analgesic capicity is limited for sever pain.
Butorphanol