Myelopathy
The definition of a myelopathy
What is a disorder caused by injury to the spinal cord
The definition of a radiculopathy
what is compression or irritation of a nerve root
What is peripheral neuropathy
Bonus: what are the types of peripheral neuropathies
What is a condition of peripheral nerve damage
Bonus: polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy, multifocal neuropathy
The MOA for warfarin
What is competitively inhibiting the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1), an enzyme essential for activating available vitamin K
The most common cause of a myelopathy
Bonus: how does this happen
What is compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina
Bonus: neoplasms, protrusion of bone or intervertebral disc, infectious collections, or expansion of blood products
Common causes of a radiculopathy
What is disk herniation or spondylosis
Symptoms of a peripheral neuropathy
Bonus where do the symptoms tend to start
What is distal sensory loss, burning sensations, weakness/atrophy, autonomic disturbances
Bonus: start in digits then progress to proximal limbs
The type of diplopia often seen in pseudotumor cerebri
What is horizontal diplopia
Diseases that present similarly to myelopathies (need at least 3 to get full points)
What are MS, Guillain-Barré, ALS, syringomyelia, subacute combined degeneration, transverse myelitis, botulism, spinal cord infarction, subarachnoid infarction
Common symptoms of a cervical radiculopathy (need 2)
Bonus: what position characteristically worsens a lumbosacral radiculopathy.
What is neck pain, difficulty with fine motor skills/motor deficits, sensory deficits, headache and shoulder pain,
Bonus: sitting
What common systemic disease causes a peripheral neuropathy
What is diabetes
Aphasia characterized by intact fluency and repetition and impaired comprehension.
Bonus: where is the location of the ischemia in this type of aphsia
What is transcortical sensory aphasia
Bonus: temporal lobe (probably left
Clinical features of myelopathy, have to describe the UMN or LMN symptoms and location for all points.
Pain, stiffness, impaired sensation, weakness,
LMN at the level of lesion
UMN below the level of the lesion
An S1 radiculopathy would cause sensation loss where
Bonus: what reflex would it affect and how?
Where is the dorsolateral aspect of the thigh and leg and lateral aspect of the foot
Bonus: hyporeflexia of achilles reflex
Common etiologies for peripheral neuropathy (need 2 for points)
The differences between a tesnion headache and a migraine
Migraine: pulsatile, can have aura, exacerbated by physical exertion, one-day(ish) duration, unilateral, accompanied by nausea, photophobia and phonophobia
Tension headache: pressure, does not present with aura, nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, lasts 4-6 hours, bilateral
An autoimmune disorder than can lead to myelopathy
What is rheumatoid arthritis
A provocative maneuver for a cervical radiculopathy and one for lumbosacral radiculopathy (have to get both for full points)
What is Hoffmann reflex or Neck compression test (Spurling maneuver)-cervical
What is straight leg test, bragard sign, crossed straight leg test or reverse straight leg test
Important questions to ask when trying to determine if the presenting condition is a peripheral neuropathy
What are exposure to toxins, medications, alcohol use, medical conditions etc. to narrow down differential
The difference between spondylosis and spondyololysis
spondylosis is the degeneration of the bones and disks of the spine
Spondylolysis is a stress fracture through the pars interarticularis of the lumbar vertebrae (pars interarticularis is the bone segment joining two vertebrae)