Absolute Monarchy
What factors led to the rise of nation states?
In England, Spain, Portugal, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia
due to growing middle class [merchants, business owners]
decline of feudalism
church power decreases = monarchs increase power
believed in divine right
This armada was sent to England in 1588 by Philip II. They were defeated by Queen Elizabeth I.
The Spanish Armada.
This man was considered a military and political genius and ruled as a benevolent despot (absolute)
Frederick II (the Great)
Where did absolute rulers derive their powers?
God
they had divine right
monarch’s are god representatives on earth
This war led to a near-total loss of English land in France and featured the longbow.
Hundred Years' War.
This Russian empress participated in all three Partitions of Poland which led to gaining a warm water port.
Catherine the Great.
Match the ruling families with the correct countries
France
Spain and Austria
Prussia
Russia
England
Hohenzollerns
Tudors
Habsburgs
Romanovs
Bourbons
France → Bourbons
Spain and Austria → Habsburgs
Prussia → Hohenzollerns
Russia → Romanovs
England → Tudors
This civil war between the House of Lancaster and House of York resulted in the victory of the white roses, the House of Lancaster, and the union of both houses.
War of the Roses.
This Roman Catholic cardinal hated the Habsburgs and strengthened the monarch and church in France. He picked his successor, Cardinal Marazin, and trained him as a chief minister.
Cardinal Richelieu
What are five facts about Austrian Empress Maria Theresa?
member of Habsburg family
Empress of Austria [1740-1780]
ascend to throne as her father wanted = War of Austrian succession
sign Pragmatic Sanction to become empress and reign over all Habsburg lands
one of most beloved monarchs in history of Austria and help strengthen monarchy and Austria
Peter the Great started all these reforms in Russia (name 5).
creating a larger, modern army
sending Russians to western Europe for education
opening western-style schools in Russia
forcing the Russian nobles (Boyars) to shave their beards, dress like western Europeans
building a new capital on the Baltic Sea (St. Petersburg)
Why did the middle class support absolute rulers?
Encourage monarch to protect trade and private property to make economies strong and have access to eastern goods
This man was eventually the victor of the War of Roses, and founded the dynasty named after him.
Henry Tudor/ Tudor Dynasty.
This king, proclaimed as the "sun king", built the Palace of Versailles and revoked this edict that led to a loss of many productive citizens and Protestants.
King Louis XIV
The Edict of Nantes.
What were the results of the Treaty of Westphalia?
agreement ended 30 yrs war 1648
Protestant forces and France defeat Habsburgs and took land, power and prestige away from Habsburg’s empire
main terms: Switz, Netherlands and north Italy gained independence
Alsace and Lorraine were given to France
This conflict spanning Europe, North America, and India 1756-1763, led to these important effects.
Seven Years' War.
France loses all land and trade outposts in North America
Great Britain emerged from the war as a world power. Prussia and Russia became major powers in Europe.
The Norman Conquest started in this year and this man became the King of England.
1066. William the Conqueror.
This European conflict over land, religious, and political disputes, ended in the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.
Thirty Years' War.