Kidney
which kidney is lower and why?
What is the superior and inferior boundary of the abdominal cavity?
Superior - diaphragm
Inferior - Pelvic brim
What is the specialised type of movement that happens in the ureter?
Peristalsis
What is the base of the renal pyramid called?
Renal papilla
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
Middle: epigastric, umbilical and pubic region
Sides:
Right and left hypochondrium
Right and left flank
Right and left groin
What is the area in the bladder that is marked by the 2 openings of the ureter (internal ureteric orifices) and the opening of the urethra (internal urethral orifice)?
What is the order of the 3 vessels in the hilum to tell if the kidney is right or left? (anterior side or posterior side).
VAP
1. renal Vein
2. renal Artery
3. renal Pelvis
What are the 3 muscles of the posterior abdominal muscle?
Psos Major
Quadratus lumborum
Iliacus
What are the 3 layers of the bladder wall, from deep to superficial?
1. Inner mucosal layer
2. Muscular layer (detrusor muscle)
3. Adventitia (CT)
What are the 3 layers surrounding the kidney? (from most deep to superficial)
1. True renal capsule/collagenous CT capsule
2. Perirenal fat/False capsule
3. Renal fascia
What is the inguinal triangle bordered by?
Inferior epigastric vessels
Inguinal ligament
Rectus abdominis
What are the 3 natural constrictions of the ureter?
1. ureteropelvic junction
2. crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery/pelvic brim
3. transversing the bladder wall
What are the branches of arteries in the nephron, in between the Renal artery and the Afferent arteriole?
Renal artery -> Segmental artery -> Interlobar artery -> Arcuate artery -> Interlobular artery -> afferent arteriole
What are the layers of the abdominal wall from underneath the skin up to the parietal peritoneum (there are 6 - 100pts per one listed)?
SKIN
1. Superficial fascia - fatty and membranous layer
2. External oblique muscle
3. Internal oblique muscle
4. Transversus abdominis
5. Transversalis fascia
6. Extraperitoneal fascia
PARIETAL PERITONEUM
What are the innervations of the bladder?
(Hint: sympathetic, parasympathetic and somatic innervation)
Sympathetic - Hypogastric nerve
Parasympathetic - Pelvic splanchnic nerves -> pelvic plexus
Somatic - Pudendal nerve