Opportunistic Infections
What does PJP stand for and what was it formally called?
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) formally known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
When are the 3 cell Checkpoints in cell growth?
G1, G2, M phase
Which cells have a CD4 receptor?
helper T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
Which parasite causes ring-enhancing brain lesions at CD4 <100?
toxoplasma gondii
What are the proteins that upregulate cell growth?
Cyclin & CDK
What CD4 count is cerebral toxoplasmosis most common?
<100
What is the most morbid condition related to AIDS?
MAC
What are the 5 classes of oncogenes?
growth factors, growth factor receptors, signal transducers, transcription factors, cell cycle regulators
Why would you delay ART?
certain opportunistic infections (like cryptococcal meningitis or tuberculosis meningitis), delay ART for a few weeks to reduce the risk of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
Which encapsulated yeast causes meningitis in patients with CD4 counts below 100?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Which transcription factor is translocated in Burkitt lymphoma and what virus is it strongly associated with in HIV patients?
MYC; Epstein–Barr virus
How is the herpes simplex virus stored within the cell
As an episome, a type of plasmid that has the ability to replicate independently
Which bacterial infection caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria leads to fever, night sweats, weight loss, and anemia at CD4 <50?
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
How does chronic B-cell activation in HIV create a DNA damage environment?
Repeated proliferation, somatic hypermutation, class-switch recombination, cytokine-driven oxidative stress, and loss of repair mechanisms
What is the first-line prophylaxis at CD4 <200, and what two infections does it prevent?
Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, prevents Pneumocystis pneumonia and Toxoplasmosis if IgG positive