Infectious Disease Basics (Ch.16)
What is a disease?
An abnormal condition with negative effects.p.1)
What is shock?
Hypoperfusion, associated with hypotension. (p.3)
How is influenza spread?
"By nasal secretions." (p.4)
Name the three formed elements in blood.
“Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.” (Ch.20, p.1)
List two main functions of the urinary system.
Regulates electrolytes, water content, and acids; removes wastes and excess fluids.” (Ch.21, p.18)
Define an infectious disease.
Communicable disease caused by a pathogen. (p.1)
List the stages of infection progression.
"SIRS → Sepsis → Septic Shock → MODS → Death." (p.3)
What does HIV hijack in the body?
"The immune system." (p.4)
What is the H and H rule of 3?
“Erythrocytes 5 cells/mcL, Hemoglobin 15 g/dL, Hematocrit 45%.” (Ch.20, p.2)
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
“Nephron.” (Ch.21, p.19)
Name the three types of disease spread in epidemiology.
Endemic, epidemic, pandemic." (p.2)
What does MODS stand for?
"Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome." (p.3)
What is MRSA?
"Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus." (p.5)
What is sickle cell disease?
“Most common genetic blood disorder; misshapen, sickle-like RBCs.” (Ch.20, p.4)
List two symptoms of a UTI.
“Painful urination, frequent urges to urinate, difficulty urinating, cloudy urine with foul odor.” (Ch.21, p.21)
What causes infectious disease?
"Pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites." (p.2)
At what stage of infection progression does refractory hypotension occur?
"Septic shock." (p.3)
What organ does hepatitis hijack?
"The liver." (p.4)
Name two risk factors for clotting disorders.
Recent surgery, prolonged immobility, long-distance travel, pregnancy, smoking, atrial fibrillation.” (Ch.20, p.10)
Where do kidney stones originate?
“Originate in the renal pelvis.” (Ch.21, p.23)
What is SIRS and its criteria?
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; HR >90, RR >20, Temp >38°C or <36°C, WBC >12,000." (p.3)
What percent mortality is associated with MODS?
"100%." (p.3)
What bacteria causes TB?
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis." (p.5)
What is DIC and its most common cause?
“Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Sepsis = most common cause.” (Ch.20, p.12)
What is ESRD?
“End-Stage Renal Disease: final stage of chronic kidney disease where kidneys can no longer effectively filter waste.” (Ch.21, p.27)