Medical Treatment
First-line oral medication for most people with Type 2 diabetes
What is metformin?
What do we assess if our patient is showing the following signs: shaking, diaphoresis, and irritability?
What is blood glucose?
What should a patient with diabetes know about exercising when on insulin therapy?
check blood sugar before and after exercise, carry a fast-acting carb, and adjust insulin if needed
This test shows an average of the patient blood glucose over 3 months
What is HbA1c?
Nerve damage from chronic high blood sugar?
What is neuropathy?
Rapid-acting insulin onset of action?
What is 10–15 minutes?
A patient with diabetes is prescribed high-dose steroids. What is a priority nursing action?
What is monitor for hyperglycemia and notify the provider if blood glucose rises?
Name two signs that indicate a patient may not understand their diabetes education.
What are: incorrect use of insulin, repeated hypoglycemic events, or failure to follow diet/medication instructions?
Normal fasting blood sugar range
What is 70-100?
Major risk factor for foot amputation in diabetics
What is an infected or untreated foot ulcer
This oral diabetes medication stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin and can cause hypoglycemia as a side effect.
What is glipizide?
What is a key nursing intervention for a patient with diabetes who is sick at home?
What is reinforce their sick day protocol – check blood sugars often, continue insulin, check for ketones if sugar gets over 250, maintain hydration
By doing this, nurses help patients prevent diabetes-related complications?
What is providing education on foot care, blood glucose control, and regular screenings (eyes, kidneys, etc.
Sign of DKA involving breathing?
What is Kussmaul respirations
Long-term vision complication of diabetes?
What is retinopathy?
Treatment for a patient presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
What is IV fluids and insulin infusion
Nursing action for a patient with vision changes?
Refer patient to see an eye doctor
After teaching a patient how to administer their insulin, this is used to assess patient understanding.
What is ask the patient to demonstrate the injections (teach back method)
Why monitor renal function with metformin?
There is a risk for lactic acidosis if kidney function is impaired
Diabetes-related kidney disease?
What is nephropathy?
This emergency medication is administered to a nonresponsive patient with a blood sugar of 38 mg/dL
What is glucagon
Nursing action to prevent diabetic foot ulcers?
What is teach patient about proper foot care and daily feet inspections
When should the 15-15 rule be used?
What is when the patient is experiencing mild hypoglycemia (blood sugar <70 mg/dL but still conscious and able to swallow)?
Dietary strategy may help control hypoglycemia due to an exaggerated insulin response to carbohydrate intake?
What is a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with smaller, more frequent meals?
Your patient has been diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis – what would their ABG indicate
Metabolic acidosis
What are three major macrovascular complications associated with diabetes?
What are coronary artery disease, stroke (cerebrovascular disease), and peripheral arterial disease?