Neuron Structure
What is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
-70 mV
What is the point of contact between two neurons?
Synapse
What are the supporting cells of the nervous system called?
Neuroglia
What is the threshold voltage to trigger an action potential?
Around -55 mV
What are the three properties of neurons?
Excitability, Conductivity, Secretion
Which ion is more concentrated outside the neuron?
Na⁺ (Sodium)
What type of synapse is found in cardiac and smooth muscle?
Electrical synapse
What CNS cell forms myelin?
Oligodendrocyte
During which phase does Na⁺ rush into the cell?
Depolarization
What are the branched extensions that receive stimuli called?
Dendrites
Which ion is more concentrated inside the neuron?
K⁺ (Potassium)
What type of synapse uses neurotransmitters to communicate?
Chemical synapse
What PNS cell forms myelin?
Schwann cell
During which phase does K⁺ exit the cell?
Repolarization
What is the cone-shaped region where the axon joins the cell body?
Axon Hillock
What pump helps maintain the resting membrane potential?
(Na⁺/K⁺) pump
What are the three parts of a chemical synapse?
Presynaptic terminal, Synaptic cleft, Postsynaptic membrane
What CNS cell lines ventricles and produces cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal cell
What happens when the inside of the cell becomes more negative than resting potential?
Hyperpolarization
What are the four structural types of neurons?
Anaxonic, Bipolar, Unipolar, Multipolar
What is the term for a neuron becoming less negative on the inside?
Depolarization
What neurotransmitters are inhibitory?
GABA and Glycine
What PNS cell surrounds neuron cell bodies?
Satellite cell
What is the period when no new action potential can be started?
Absolute refractory period