Birth of the Earth
What are the 4 layers of the Earth?
The 4 layers are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.
What is thermal energy?
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy.
What is a natural hazard that causes the ground to shake and is sometimes very destructive?
An earthquake.
What is plate tectonics?
Plate tectonics are a theory of plates on earth's surface that move and collide. They can cause earthquakes. There are 3 types of plate tectonics which are divergent plate boundaries, convergent plate boundaries, and transform plate boundaries.
What brought water to Earth?
Jupiter's gravity disrupted the asteroid belt and brought meteorites that contained water to Earth.
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is energy in motion.
What is a mountain that erupts, releasing destructive forces like lava flows, ash clouds, and toxic gasses?
A volcano
How does a divergent plate boundary form?
A divergent plate boundary forms where 2 tectonic plates separate (move away from each other).
What planet crashed into Earth 4.5 billion years ago that ejected debris which later formed the Moon?
A Mars-sized protoplanet called Theia.
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is stored energy that can be put to use later.
What is the sudden downhill slide of snow, ice, or rock called?
An avalanche.
How does a convergent plate boundary form?
A convergent plate boundary forms where 2 tectonic plates slide past each other.
What were the first 4 planets?
20 protoplanets repeatedly collided to form the first 4 planets, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.
What is temperature?
The measurement of average kinetic energy (movement).
What type of natural hazard is measured by both its wind speed and the damage it causes, and often has categories from 1 to 5?
A Hurricane.
How does a transform plate boundary form?
A transform plate boundary forms where 2 plates collide.
What are a bacteria that convert Carbon Dioxide to oxygen through photosynthesis and that are 3.5 billion years old.
The bacteria are Stromatolites that grow in water. It takes them thousands of years to form. Fun fact: I saw Stromatolites in Bacalar, Mexico.
What is Law of Conservation of Energy?
Law of Conservation of Energy is that energy is transferred, never created or destroyed.
What is the name of the scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake and other natural disasters?
A Richter scale.
How are the cold and rigid outermost rock layers called on top of the mantle called?
They are called lithosphere.