💻 DATA STRUCTURES – HARD
What is a data structure?
A. A programming language used to write code.
B. A device used to store computer files.
C. A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data so it can be used efficiently.
C. A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data so it can be used efficiently.
What is a computer network?
A.A single computer used to store files and programs.
B.A group of connected devices that can communicate and share resources.
C.A program that protects a computer from viruses.
B.A computer network is a group of connected devices that can communicate and share resources.
What is the basic unit of life?
A.The atom, which makes up all matter.
B.The cell, which is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
C.The organ, which performs a specific function in the body.
B. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
What is an operating system?
A.A physical component that stores data permanently.
B.A type of computer virus that damages files.
C.Software that manages computer hardware and provides services for applications.
C. An operating system is software that manages computer hardware and provides services for applications.
What is a variable in programming?
A.A named storage location used to hold a value or piece of data.
B.A command that always repeats a program forever.
C.A physical component inside a computer.
A. A variable is a named storage location used to hold a value or piece of data.
What is the main difference between a stack and a queue?
A.A stack uses LIFO, while a queue uses FIFO.
B.A stack uses LIFO (Last In, First Out), while a queue uses FIFO (First In, First Out).
C.A stack uses FIFO, while a queue uses LIFO.
B.A stack uses LIFO (Last In, First Out), while a queue uses FIFO (First In, First Out).
What does LAN stand for?
A.Local Area Network, a network covering a small geographical area.
B.Large Access Network, a network connecting computers
C.Local Access Node, a device used to connect computers.
A.LAN stands for Local Area Network.
What process do cells use to release energy from glucose?
A.Photosynthesis, which uses sunlight to produce glucose.
B.Digestion, which breaks food into smaller pieces.
C.Cellular respiration, which releases energy from glucose for cells to use.
C. Cellular respiration is the process cells use to release energy from glucose, producing ATP that cells can use.
What is cloud computing?
A.Using remote servers over the Internet to store, process, and access data and applications.
B.Using only the computer's local storage to save files.
C.Connecting two computers with a physical cable to share files.
A. Cloud computing means using remote servers over the Internet to store, process, and access data and applications.
What is a loop used for in programming?
A.It is used to permanently delete data from a computer.
B.It is used to repeat a block of instructions while a condition is true or for a specified number of times.
C.It is used to convert source code into hardware.
B. A loop is used to repeat a block of instructions while a condition is true or for a specified number of times.
What is a binary search tree (BST)?
A.A stack is used because BFS explores the deepest nodes first.
B.A queue is used because BFS explores nodes level by level.
C.A BST is a tree where values smaller than a node are placed on the left and larger values are placed on the right.
C.A BST is a tree where values smaller than a node are placed on the left and larger values are placed on the right.
What is the main function of a router?
A.It stores files and programs for all computers on a network.
B.It connects different networks and forwards data packets to their destinations.
C.It converts electrical energy into data for computers.
B. A router connects different networks and forwards data packets toward their correct destinations.
According to Newton’s Second Law, what happens when the force on an object increases while its mass stays the same?
A.Its acceleration increases.
B.Its acceleration decreases.
C.Its mass automatically increases.
A. Its (acceleration increases) because Newton’s Second Law states that F = ma.
What is artificial intelligence (AI)?
A.A system that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and recognizing patterns.
B.A physical machine that can only perform calculations.
C.A type of computer network used to connect smartphones.
A. Artificial intelligence is technology that enables computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and recognizing patterns.
What is a function in programming?
A.A reusable block of code designed to perform a specific task.
B.A type of computer hardware used to store programs.
C.A programming error that prevents all code from running.
A. A function is (a reusable block of code designed to perform a specific task) and can often accept inputs and return a result.
What is the average time complexity of searching for a value in a hash table?
A.O(1) on average, assuming a good hash function and few collisions.
B.O(log n), because the data is always divided into smaller parts.
C.O(n²), because every element must be compared with every other element.
A.O(1) on average, assuming a good hash function and few collisions.
What is an IP address used for?
A.It identifies a device on a network and helps data reach the correct destination.
B.It encrypts every file stored on a computer.
C.It increases the physical storage capacity of a computer.
A.An IP address identifies a device on a network and helps data reach the correct destination.
What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?
A.DNA stores genetic information, while RNA helps use that information to make proteins.
B.DNA is found only in plants, while RNA is found only in animals.
C.DNA produces energy, while RNA controls gravity.
A. DNA stores genetic information, while RNA plays important roles in using that information, including protein production.
What is encryption used for?
A.It makes a computer run faster by removing unnecessary files.
B.It converts information into a form that unauthorized people cannot easily understand or access.
C.It increases the amount of physical storage available on a device.
B. Encryption converts information into a protected form so that unauthorized people cannot easily understand or access it.
What is an algorithm?
A.A physical device that executes computer programs.
B.A programming language used only for creating websites.
C.A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or completing a task.
C. An algorithm is a (step-by-step procedure or set of instructions used to solve a problem or complete a specific task.)
Why can a hash table have a worst-case search time of O(n)?
A.Because hash tables always search every element in the table.
B.Because the hash table must sort all elements before searching.
C.Because many keys can collide and end up in the same bucket, requiring a search through multiple elements.
C.Because many keys can collide and end up in the same bucket, requiring a search through multiple elements.
What is the main difference between TCP and UDP?
A.TCP and UDP provide exactly the same type of data transmission.
B.TCP is faster because it does not check whether data arrives correctly.
C.TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery, while UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery or order.
C.TCP provides reliable, ordered delivery of data, while UDP is faster but does not guarantee delivery or order.
Why does increasing temperature usually make a chemical reaction happen faster?
A.Particles stop moving and become easier to control.
B.Particles move faster and collide more frequently and with more energy, increasing the chance of successful collisions.
C.Higher temperatures remove all reactants from the reaction.
B. Particles move faster and collide more frequently and with more energy, making successful collisions more likely.
What is SQL mainly used for?
A.Managing and working with data in databases.
B.A process of manually writing every instruction a computer must follow.
C.A technology that allows computers to physically repair their own hardware.
A.Managing and working with data in databases.
What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
A.A compiler translates the entire program before execution, while an interpreter generally executes code as it is translated or at runtime.
B.A compiler only checks spelling, while an interpreter only checks grammar.
C.A compiler is hardware, while an interpreter is a computer network.
A . A compiler translates the entire program before execution, while an interpreter generally executes code as it is translated or at runtime.