Henry II & The Nobles
In what year did Henry II become King of England?
What is 1154 CE?
Which royal court handled major crimes like murder and treason?
What is the King's Court?
Who did Henry II appoint as Archbishop of Canterbury?
Who is Thomas Becket?
Which wealthy southwestern French region did Eleanor inherit?
What is Aquitaine?
What holy city was the primary objective of European Crusaders?
What is Jerusalem?
What tax did Henry II collect from nobles instead of requiring military service?
What is Shield Tax?
What early medieval judicial test relied on physical pain to determine guilt or innocence?
What is Trial by Ordeal?
What harsh church penalty excludes a person from receiving sacraments?
What is Excommunication?
Why did Henry II place Eleanor under house arrest for nearly 16 years?
What is for supporting her sons in a military revolt against him
How many major military campaigns made up the Crusades between 1095 and 1291 CE?
What are nine Crusades?
Why did Henry II order illegal castles built by nobles to be destroyed?
What is to reduce noble power and prevent armed rebellions?
What system sent royal judges traveling across England to hear local legal cases?
What are Circuit Courts?
Why did Henry II want church clergy tried in royal courts rather than church courts?
What is to ensure equal punishment and enforce royal authority over the church?
Which son of Eleanor became famous as King Richard "Lion-Hearted"?
Who is Richard I?
What new fields of knowledge were brought back to Europe from Middle Eastern scholars?
What are mathematics, science, medicine, and classic philosophy?
How did hiring paid soldiers change the balance of military power in England?
What is making soldiers loyal directly to the King instead of local lords?
How did judges writing down past decisions lead to the creation of Common Law?
What is establishing uniform laws that applied equally throughout the kingdom?
Why was the threat of excommunication so powerful over medieval monarchs?
What is because citizens believed it condemned souls and freed subjects from loyalty?
How did Eleanor wield political power despite medieval restrictions on women?
What is by managing her own land wealth and serving as regent during Crusades?
How did the Seljuk Turk takeover trigger European military intervention in the Holy Land?
What is by blocking Christian pilgrims from safely visiting sacred sites?