WBC Basics
A rise in these WBCs is the classic response to an acute bacterial infection.
What are neutrophils?
Bacterial infection --> neutrophilia, bandemia may be present as well
This is the most common malignancy in children.
What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?
Bonus: Which subtype of ALL is most common?
An older adults's lymphocytosis with fragile lymphocytes that forms smudge cells suggests this leukemia.
What is CLL? (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
This signaling kinase is mutated in nearly all cases of polycythemia vera.
What is JAK2?
Bonus: what is the associated amino acid mutation?
Most non-Hodgkin lymphomas arise from this lymphocytic lineage.
What are B-cells?
An increased number of immature neutrophils is called this.
What is a left shift?
This nuclear enzyme is a classic marker of lymphoblasts in both B-ALL and T-ALL.
What is TdT? (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)
DNA polymerase expressed by immature (precursor) lymphocytes
CLL cells are B cells that characteristically co-express this T-cell associated surface marker.
What is CD5?
Classic CLL phenotype expresses CD5 and CD20
In polycythemia vera, serum EPO is typically high or low?
What is low?
Autonomous RBC production suppresses renal EPO via feedback
Reactive follicular hyperplasia expands the B-cell rich region of a node: this outer compartment.
What is the cortex?
Bonus: what area of the node is rich in T-cells?
A decreased absolute neutrophil count is called this form of leukopenia.
What is neutropenia?
Bonus: increased susceptibility to what type of infection?
These needle-like cytoplasmic inclusions strongly support myeloid rather than lymphoid differentiation.
What are Auer rods?
myeloperoxidase-derived granule material
This t(9,22) fusion drives the constitutively active tyrosine kinase in CML.
What is BCR::ABL1? (Philadelphia Chromosome)
A 55-year-old man living at high altitude has an elevated hematocrit, increased RBC mass, and elevated EPO levels in response to chronic hypoxia. What type of polycythemia is present?
What is appropriate absolute polycythemia?
This indolent lymphoma is classically associated with t(14,18) and BCL2 overexpression.
What is follicular lymphoma?
The atypical lymphocytes in EBV mononucleosis are predominantly this reactive T-cell subtype.
What are CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells?
Bonus: What is the classification of the abnormal CD8+ T-cell seen here?
A teenager has an anterior mediastinal mass and circulating TdT+, CD3+ blasts. Name the leukemia.
What is T-ALL?
CD3 denotes commitment to T lineage, often interchangeable with T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (differ in blast percentage)
Pancytopenia, splenomegaly, lymphocytes with fine cytoplasmic projections, and a dry marrow tap suggest this type of leukemia.
What is hairy cell leukemia?
Bonus: why do these patients exhibit massive splenomegaly?
Persistent clonal overproduction of platelets, with thrombosis and sometimes bleeding, defines this disorder.
What is essential thrombocythemia?
A "starry-sky" pattern and a myc translocation classically point to this aggressive lymphoma.
What is Burkitt lymphoma?
In the classic LAP-score comparison, this reactive process has a high score, whereas CML has a low score.
What is a leukemoid reaction?
Reactive neutrophilia with preserved alkaline phosphatase activity.
This AML subtype is linked to t(15,17), abnormal promyelocytes, and a high risk of DIC.
What is acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)?
Bonus: What fusion protein impairs further differentiation?
Rapid transformation of CLL into an aggressive large B-cell lymphoma is called this.
What is Richter transformation?
Marrow fibrosis, teardrop RBCs, and massive splenomegaly from extramedullary hematopoesis suggest this disorder.
What is myelofibrosis?
Bonus: what word describes the characteristic PBS obtained in a patient with myelofibrosis?
Chronic H. pylori gastritis predisposes to this extranodal marginal zone lymphoma.
What is gastric MALToma?
Bonus: which region of the node will be enlarged in this variety of lymphoma?