Computer vision
What type of camera is particularly useful for detecting changes in an animal's surface temperature?
Thermal camera
What popular health issue can be predicted from data collected by automated milk feeders?
Bovine respiratory disease
What type of wearable sensor is commonly used to track the precise location of animals in a pasture?
GPS
Name one fundamental piece of hardware used in a collar.
GPS sensor, accelerometer, gyroscope.
Which technology would be most suitable for detecting estrus in dairy cows?
Collars/wearables.
What type of vision technology may allow bodyweight estimation?
Depth cameras
What type of sensor might be used in a smart feeder to identify individual animals?
RFID
How does a virtual fencing system typically contain livestock within a defined area without the need for physical barriers?
Auditory cues and electrical stimulus.
What component in an RGB camera is analogous to the photoreceptor cells in the human eye and is arranged in a specific color pattern?
Bayer filter
To monitor the amount of time a group of animals spends grazing in different areas of a large pasture, which technology would be most appropriate?
GPS
Name two types of animal behaviors that can be monitored using RGB cameras.
Pose estimation, identification, activity behavior, respiration rate, ....
Name 2 types of smart feeding systems used in dairy.
Calan gates and automated milk feeders.
Name two common behaviors in livestock that can be quantified using data from wearable accelerometers.
Lying, standing, walking, ruminating, feeding, mounting, ...
What is the fundamental principle behind how Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology determines the distance to a tag? (Tip: also used by GPS)
Triangulation.
Which wearable sensor could provide data to estimate the rumination time in cattle?
Collars
Name at least 2 types of computer vision tasks (e.g., image classification)
Semantic segmentation, pose estimation, object detection, ...
What exactly is the liquid dispensed by an automated milk feeder made of?
Water and powdered calf milk replacer.
Certain wearable sensors can aid in estrus detection by monitoring what specific changes in an animal's activity patterns?
Mounting, increased activity, restlessness, reduced lying time.
Explain the basic difference in how GPS and UWB technologies determine the location of an animal.
GPS relies on satellites, UWB relies on nearby antennas.
What is one common and well-tested application of thermal cameras?
Detection of mastitis
In the infrared spectrum we have night vision (near infrared), thermal vision (far infrared), and what other type of imaging?
Multi- and hyper-spectral
Besides dispensing feed/milk, what other types of data might a sophisticated smart feeding system collect? Name at least 3.
Feeding duration, feeding frequency, feeding time, rewarded visits, unrewarded visits, drinking speed, intake.
What is a primary benefit of using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology for locating animals compared to GPS?
It can be used to track location indoor.
Infrared for night vision relies on an infrared emitter. Thermal cameras do not need an emitter, why?
Thermal radiation is naturally emitted by all objects.
What type of camera would be best for automatically identifying individual beef cows?