Concepts
What is the name of the economic model that aimed to manufacture in Mexico products that were previously purchased from other countries?
Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI).
Which Mexican president served from 1946 to 1952 and promoted industrialization and public works?
Miguel Alemán Valdés
What type of products did Mexico aim to manufacture instead of purchasing them from other countries?
Manufactured or industrial goods
Where did many people move from rural areas to find jobs in factories?
To cities
Where did the manufactured products come from that Mexico wanted to stop buying from abroad?
Other countries
What is the purchase of products from other countries called?
Imports
Which Mexican president served from 1940 to 1946, during World War II?
Manuel Ávila Camacho
What tax on imported products could help protect Mexican manufacturers?
Tariffs
Which economic activity provided new jobs as more factories were built?
Manufacturing
What could happen to domestic companies if they were overly protected and faced little foreign competition?
They could become less competitive and have fewer incentives to improve their products
What economic policy used measures such as tariffs to protect domestic companies?
Economic protectionism
Which president nationalized Mexico’s oil industry in 1938, before the ISI model reached its peak?
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río
How could the government support domestic companies through loans or financial assistance?
By providing loans, subsidies, and government support
What is the growth of cities due partly to migration and industrial expansion called?
Urbanization
What problem arose when Mexican factories continued to depend on imported machinery and components?
Dependence on foreign inputs and technology
Which sector of the economy transforms raw materials into finished products?
The industrial sector, also known as the secondary sector
Which president served from 1958 to 1964 during the period of Stabilizing Development?
Adolfo López Mateos
What problem did some Mexican factories face when they needed machinery and technology from abroad?
Dependence on foreign machinery and technology
Which social group grew as administrative, professional, and industrial jobs expanded?
The urban middle class
What economic difficulties became more evident during the 1970s, including rising debt and inflation?
Economic imbalances, inflation, and increasing national debt
What was one of the main goals of import substitution in Mexico?
To reduce dependence on foreign products and strengthen domestic industry
What is the name commonly given to the period of sustained economic growth in Mexico from approximately 1940 to 1970?
The Mexican Miracle
What economic strategy involves investing in roads, electricity, and other infrastructure to promote industrial growth?
Public investment in infrastructure
What type of inequality continued despite industrial growth, as not all regions and social groups benefited equally?
Economic and regional inequality
In what year did Mexico join the GATT as part of the trade liberalization process that became increasingly important in the 1980s?
1986