The Great Migration
What two countries did most immigrants come from?
Britain and Ireland
What is “The Great Migration?”
Period of high immigration between roughly 1815 and 1850. This began to form Canada.
What is “The Underground Railroad?”
A system to help escaped slaves emigrate to Canada or the Northern States.
What Act gave the British colonies a new form of government in 1791?
The Constitutional Act of 1791
Who were the three reformers?
Papineau
Mackenzie
Howe
What were two major reasons that caused Britain’s economy to struggle?
Industrial Revolution and Napoleonic Wars (Conflict)
What challenges did immigrants face on their journey? List one.
Disease, overcrowding, long ocean voyages
What was Canada and the Northern States called? And Why?
The Promised Land/Heaven/Haven
Because they were places with no slavery.
Who had the most power in the colonial government?
The Governor
Durham recommendation combined Upper and Lower Canada into a single province. What was the name?
The Province of Canada
What natural disaster in Ireland led to an increase in immigration?
Famine
List the 3 impacts of “The Great Migration”
More diseases, more farmland, more British people.
What term was used to describe people who guided fugitives to freedom?
Conductors
Why were people unhappy with the colonial government?
The Governor could override elected assemblies
What was the name of the documents that UC and LC wrote for reform (change)?
LC = The 92 Resolutions
UC = The 7th Report on Grievances
How did immigration impact the development of Canada?
It increased the British population, changed demographics, and led to urban and rural growth.
What were some reasons immigrants settled in specific locations?
Farming opportunities, job availability, transportation routes.
How did enslaved people navigate along the Underground Railroad?
Used symbols, secret codes, safe houses, quilts, lanterns, etc.
What type of government did reformers want?
Responsible Government
Who did Lord Durham blame the rebellions on?
French Canadiens and English Colonists
Bonus: Out of all immigrants, which nationality made up majority of the population?
British
BONUS: What's the difference between emigration versus immigration?
Emigration: Leaving
Immigrating: Entering
BONUS: Give an example of a secret code other than the ones used so far.
And explain what it means.
Station Masters = People who offered safe houses
Safe House
White Lantern = All clear!
Cargo/Freight/Passenger = Escaped Slave
Lines = Routes
BONUS: The council was made up of what type of people?
What is this called? And what's the definition?
Friends or Relatives of the Governor
It's called "nepotism"
Nepotism is when someone gives jobs or special treatment to family or friends instead of choosing the best person.
BONUS: What were the results of the “responsible government”?
Led to Governor's adopting a responsible government
More democratic
Governor would follow decisions by the elected government rather than do things themselves