Mitosis
What are the 3 stages of interphase?
G1-Cell grows and performs normal cell functions
S-Cell DNA is duplicated
G2-Cell grows and prepares for cell division
At the end of meiosis I, the cells are called what since they have half of the original number of chromosome?
Haploid
Whar type of allele masks the effect of another allele?
Dominant
What is it called when a person has a copy of a recessive allele but does not show the trait?
Carrier
What does one cycle of Mitosis produce?
2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells
A tetrad is how many chromatids aligned during Prophase I?
4
What is the genetic makeup of an organism called?
Genotype
Mendel’s law that says that each parent contributes only one of its two alleles to its offspring.
Law of segregation
What region of the chromosome holds sister chromatids together?
Centromere
What is the difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
Meiosis I-Homologous chromosomes separate, reducing the chromosome number from diploid to haploid
Meiosis II-Sister chromatids separate, each haploid cell ends up with a single copy of each chromosome
What is the observable characteristics of an organism called?
Phenotype
A dihybrid cross between 2 heterozygous individuals will result in what kind of ratio?
9:3:3:1
What type of chromosome is separated during Mitosis?
Sister Chromatids
What process allows homologous chromosomes to exchange genetic material and when does it occur?
Crossing over, Prophase I
What is it called when an organism has two identical alleles?
Homozygous
Genes located close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together are called what?
Linked genes
List and describe the phases of Mitosis
1.Prophase-chromatin condenses, nucleolous disappears
2 .Prometaphase-nuclear envelope fully dissolves, microtubules attach to chromosomes at kinetochore
3.Metaphase-chromosomes align along metaphase plate
4.Anaphase-sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles
5.Telophase-new nuclear envelope form around each chromosome set
(6.Cytokinesis)-cytoplasm divides into 2 daughter cells
What process involves random orientation of homologous pairs and contributes to unique gametes?
Independant Assortment
What type of trait is carried on the X chromosome and is more common in males?
x-linked trait
List and describe the 3 types of genetic dominance
1.Complete Dominance-when the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele
2.Incomplete Dominance-neither allele is dominant over the other, results in a phenotype that is a mix of the 2 phenotypes
3.Codominance-both alleles are separately expressed in the offspring (not mixed)