Famous Figures
Which Prussian ruler was considered an enlightened absolutist?
Frederick the Great
What idea did Rousseau propose that argued for popular sovereignty?
The Social Contract
What was the name of the movement that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights?
The Enlightenment
What are two causes of the conflict that caused the British to lose their colonies in the Americas?
Colonial opposition to British control over the colonies and to make them repay the British for its defense of them during the French and Indian War
What are key values of the Enlightenment?
Reason, individualism, and skepticism
How was the Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas influenced the Declaration of Independence with his concept of natural right?
John Locke
What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution?
The Storming of Bastille
Which Enlightenment philosopher advocated for the separation of powers?
Montesquieu
What ended the 7 Years War and in what year?
The Treaty of Paris of 1763
What is a difference between Northern Renaissance and Italian Renaissance art?
The Northern Renaissance focused on scenes of daily life.
Which absolute monarch is known for saying, "L'État, c'est moi"
Louis XIV
What was the radical period led under Robespierre called?
The Reign of Terror
What is the Enlightenment's perspective on human progress?
That humans can obtain perfection by following reason and logic.
What was a cause of the Thirty Years War?
Emperor Ferdinand forced Catholicism
Which cultural and intellectual movement most closely aligns with nationalism?
Romanticism
Who was the French philosopher known for his skepticism and his phrase "Cogito, ergo sum"
Descartes
What issue was temporarily resolved due to the Haitian Revolution?
Slavery
Who wrote "The Wealth of Nations," which is often considered the foundational text of modern economics?
Adam Smith
What was an effect of the Peace of Westphalia?
Granted religious tolerance to Lutherans and Calvinists in the Holy Roman Empire
What did romanticism emerge as a response to?
The Enlightenment
What Austrian empress tried to implement some enlightened reforms in her empire?
Maria Theresa
What was the outcome of the Napoleonic wars and the French Revolution?
Increased nationalism in Europe and a return to conservatism
Which Enlightenment ideas is Voltaire known for?
Satirized optimism and criticized social institutions
What caused US involvement in WWI?
Germany's resumption of submarine attacks
What were the defining characteristics of the Italian government in the 1930's?
Authoritarianism, nationalism, and anti-communism