Industrial Revolution
What is one cause of the Industrial Revolution?
- population growth, absence of Plague, Agricultural Revolution, emergence of capitalism, new advances in medicine and sanitation
What event is considered to be the start of the French Revolution?
The Storming of the Bastille
What was the most prevalent form of rulership?
Monarchies
What was the economy based on?
farming
local production
fur trading
ship building
Name key figures of the Enlightenment.
Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire
What innovations characterized the First Industrial Revolution?
Steam engine, cotton gin, and telegraph
Who was the leader of the radical Jacobins during the French Revolution?
Maximilien Robespierre
What was the deadliest war of the 18th century?
The 7 Years War
What economic system resulted from Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations?
Capitalism
What is the 18th century referred to in Europe?
Age of Enlightenment
What was the last country to industrialize?
Russia
What are the four stages of the French Revolution?
Moderate/Liberal, Radical, Thermidorian Reaction, Recovery
What is the war between Japan and Germany from 1798-1800?
Quasi-War
Define mercantilism and give an example of a nation that utilized this system.
A form of economic nationalism that seeks to increase exports and decrease imports, especially within a mother country and colony.
Britain.
What artistic and literary movement, originating in the late 18th century, emphasized emotion, individualism, and the awe-inspiring power of nature?
Romanticism
What was the first country to industrialize?
Britian
What are the economic, social, and political that led to the French Revolution?
Economic inequality, social unrest, political grievances, the enlightenment, and the absolute monarchy's abuses of power.
Who were the opposing sides in the Spanish Wars of Succession?
France, Netherlands, England, Austria, and Prussia against Spain.
What two industrial revolution inventions were vital for creating a movement towards a world economy and linking countries to one another?
Steamboat and railroads
What event began Russia’s Westernization?
The construction of the city of St. Petersburg began in 1703 as Russia’s “window to the West,” serving as a symbol of modernization and westernization.
What is the name of the system that shifted production from Medieval guilds to the production of goods in the home?
Cottage Industry or The Putting Out System
What is the Declaration of Pilnitz?
The joint statement by Leopold II of Austria and Frederick William II of Prussia denouncing the French Revolution since they do not want governments with a constitutional monarchy to spread.
What three countries had wars of succession in the 18th century?
Poland, Austria, Spain
What was the Agricultural Revolution?
An economic shift in early industrialization that had innovations such as crop rotation and enclosure movements, leading to increased productivity and urbanization.
What are the years of the First, Second, and Third Partitions of Poland
1772, 1793, and 1795