Population Growth
What century saw a dramatic population boom with growth rates surging to nearly 10% per decade?
The 18th century
What is the name of the machine invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 that revolutionized the cotton industry by quickly separating cotton fibers from their seeds?
Cotton gin
Why did people migrate to urban areas during this period?
Economic opportunities and entertainment
What medical advancement involved a new understanding of disease transmission and helped prevent illness?
Inoculation
Name one social stigma that mothers of illegitimate children faced during this time.
Abandonment, association with prostitution, or lack of support
Who proposed the theory that population grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically, predicting potential food shortages?
Thomas Malthus
Who was the engineer known for land reclamation projects in England that expanded farmland, especially through draining marshes?
Cornelius Vermuyden
What class of students in Austria were able to continue to secondary school?
Upper-class males
Which disease wiped out ⅓ of Europe’s population in the 14th century and continued to reappear until the early 18th century?
The Bubonic Plague
What painting of a child demonstrated natural beauty?
The Age of Innocence
What was ONE factor that contributed to declining death rates during the population boom?
Lower infant mortality
What system ended during the Agricultural Revolution, leading to the consolidation of small farms and displacement of many small farmers?
Open Field System
What was the First Nation to implement public education for boys and girls?
Prussia
Who introduced the practice of variolation for smallpox in the 19th century?
Lady Mary Worley Montagu
Which port became the post important trading hub in the 1700s, fueling wealth and access to consumer goods?
The Atlantic Ocean
According to Thomas Malthus’s theory, what was one main prediction about the population growth and food supply?
Population growth would eventually surpass food availability.
Which individual introduced a 4-year crop rotation system that included wheat, barley, turnips, and clover to replenish soil?
Charles Townshend
Which cities experienced rapid immigration growth between 1650 and 1750?
Paris, Naples, Amsterdam, and London
Name two engineering or public health improvements that helped reduce the spread of disease.
Cleaner water and safer food supplies, better sewage disposal systems, or improved hygiene standards.
In 1784, which society in Amsterdam focused on aiding citizens instead of its initial mission to promote education?
The Society of Public Welfare
List two advancements that helped prevent the food shortages predicted by Malthus, despite the rapid population growth.
Agricultural advances and improvements in food transportation
Name the agricultural innovator who pioneered selective breeding.
Robert Bakewell.
Why were mortality rates higher in rapidly growing urban areas?
The spread of diseases
Which physician developed the first smallpox vaccine, using cowpox to immunize people against smallpox?
Edward Jenner
Which two philosophers had contrasting views on childhood, with one believing in “Tabula Rasa” and the other supporting a more lenient approach to childhood?
John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau