Infant Cognitive Development
two basic processes Piaget proposed that help infants adapt to their environment
What are assimilation and accommodation?
The factors that create a baby's personality
What are temperament and attachment style
The two parts of grammar
What are syntax and morphology?
A young child believes that all small, four-legged animals with hair are “doggies”
What is overextension?
Steinberg’s parenting principles 5-7.
What are Establish and set rules, Foster your child's independence, and Be consistent with discipline
The understanding that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen, and how it is tested in infants
What is object permanence, tested through search tasks or looking-time/violation-of-expectation tasks?
Separation distress, secure base, greeting reactions
What are the 3 hallmark behaviors of a secure attachment?
Your two year old niece blows you a kiss as you are leaving. What type of language is this?
What is expressive language?
The term for a young child's assumption that others think and behave the same way he/she does
What is Cognitive Egocentrism
Poor growth, delays in language development, difficulty regulating emotions, insecure attachment styles, and difficulty maintaining healthy relationships in adulthood
What are the effects of abuse and neglect on children’s development?
What is the A-not-B error, and what does it reveal about infant cognition?
What is the tendency to search for a hidden object in its previous location even after seeing it moved, reflecting limitations in memory and inhibitory control?
2-year old Jean enters an unfamiliar room and looks at her mom's facial expression before deciding whether to approach a new toy.
What is social referencing?
______________are one word sentences used by children learning how to talk
What are holophrases
__________is a young child's sense that self endures despite temporary disruptions in relationships
What is self-constancy?
According to Steinberg, parents should pick the right battles and let children learn from their own mistakes in a effort to help children develop this
What is autonomy?
What is the zone of proximal development, and how can caregivers support learning within it?
What is the gap between what a child can do independently and what they can do with guidance, supported through scaffolding
The two most important social-emotional tasks during the toddler years
What are developing autonomy and self control?
A researcher states that children are born with biological abilities for language learning, while another argues that children learn language through interactions with parents and their environment.
What is the nature vs nurture debate
Allows preschoolers a safe way to express fears and try out social roles
What is dramatic play?
Johnny left 3 markers uncapped. His mom did not cap them and now they are dry. This is an example of______
What are natural consequences
The stage of Piaget's theory says that babies' awareness of the world is limited to sensory information and basic motor acts
What is sensorimotor
A specific window of time during early development when infants are especially receptive to forming emotional attachments with their caregiver
What is the sensitive period hypothesis?
A toddler understands hundreds of words but can only say a relatively small number of them. What does this demonstrate about the difference between two types of language skills
What is receptive language developing ahead of productive language?
In this Erikson stage, a preschooler is afraid of starting a new school but gradually becomes more comfortable after their parents encourage them to explore, make friends, and try new activities independently.
What is initiative vs. guilt?
According to Steinberg, these are the two most important things a child needs from their parents
What are love/warmth and structure