Civil Rights
What movement in the 1950s worked to end racial segregation and secure equal rights for African Americans?
The Civil Rights Movement
What action did Rosa Parks take on a Montgomery, Alabama bus in December 1955 that helped spark the Civil Rights Movement?
She refused to give up her seat to a white passenger.
What term describes the legal separation of people by race, especially in the American South during the 1950s?
Segregation
What was the name given to the group of nine African American students who integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957?
The Little Rock Nine
What two states were added to the United States in 1959, becoming the 49th and 50th states?
Alaska and Hawaii
What Baptist minister became a leading voice of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s, known for promoting nonviolence?
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
What boycott began in Montgomery shortly after Rosa Parks' arrest, in which African Americans refused to ride city buses?
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Name one type of public place that was commonly segregated by race in the 1950s South.
Could be schools, buses, restaurants, water fountains, movie theaters, restrooms.
What U.S. President sent federal troops to Little Rock to protect the Little Rock Nine and enforce integration?
President Dwight D. Eisenhower
How many stars are on the U.S. flag today as a result of Alaska and Hawaii becoming states?
50
What form of peaceful protest, refusing to cooperate with unjust laws without using violence, was widely used during the Civil Rights Movement?
Nonviolent resistance
About how long did the Montgomery Bus Boycott last?
About a year (381 days)
What were the state and local laws called that enforced racial segregation in the South?
Jim Crow laws
What governor of Arkansas tried to block the Little Rock Nine from entering the school by calling in the National Guard?
Governor Orval Faubus
Which of the two new states is located in the far north and shares a border with Canada?
Alaska
What term describes laws and social customs that kept Black and white Americans separated in schools, transportation, and public places during the 1950s?
Segregation (or Jim Crow laws)
What was the eventual outcome of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
The Supreme Court ruled bus segregation unconstitutional, and the buses were desegregated
Were segregated facilities for Black Americans usually equal in quality to those for white Americans?
No — they were almost always underfunded and inferior
What is the period called when Little Rock's public high schools were shut down, denying many students an education?
"The Lost Year"
Which of the two new states is located in the Pacific Ocean and made up of islands?
Hawaii
What form of protest, in which people sit down in a "whites only" area and refuse to leave until they are served, became a common civil rights tactic in the late 1950s?
Sit-ins
What civil rights organization was Rosa Parks an active member of before her famous bus protest?
The NAACP
How did the kids protest unfair treatment at Katz Drug Store in Oklahoma City?
They did a peaceful sit-in. The youngest member of their protest was only 6 years old!
Rather than integrate, what did Little Rock's government do to the public high schools the following year?
They closed all the public high schools rather than integrate them
Before becoming states, what status did Alaska and Hawaii have as part of the United States?
They were U.S. territories