Boundary extension
What happens during boundary extension?
We are storing a scene.
What happens during boundary abstraction?
We store the meaning but not the specific details.
What happens during memory integration?
We form a well-integrated representation of the material.
What does boundary extension refer to?
Refer to the tendency to remember viewing a greater portion of a scene than was shown.
What is the memory abstraction?
It is a memory process that stores the meaning of a message but not the exact words.
Which was Bartlett's research on memory integration?
He integrated previous knowledge and new material. He read British students the Native American story "The War of the Ghosts" and recalled the story 15 minutes later.
Who were the first researchers to document the boundary-extension phenomenon?
Helena Intraub and her colleagues Berkowits (1996).
Which is an example of abstraction?
We probably remember much of the information about a concept discussed earlier, but we cannot recall any specific sentence in its exact form.
What was the result of the research?
Participants omitted material that didn't make sense from their viewpoint, shaped stories more in line with British fairy tales, and, over time, relied more heavily on previous knowledge.
What Intraub and Berkowits presented in the research?
They presented students with a garbage image for a brief moment and instructed them to draw a replica of the original photo.
What is verbatim memory?
Word-for-word recall.
What were some implications of memory integration?
-Schemas can influence our inferences when reading ambiguous or unclear material.
-Schemas can mislead us but assist us in our everyday functioning.
-Top-down processing shapes memory for complex material.
What was the conclusion of boundary extension research?
We remember seeing a more wide-angle image of a scene or image that was actually viewed; this phenomenon also has important implications for eyewitnesses.
What was the result of Bransford and Franks research?
Participants falsely remembered new items (false alarms), were more likely to make false alarms when a complex sentence was schema-consistent, and less likely when the meaning of earlier sentences was violated.
Which is an example of memory integration?
Memory integration is the interpretation. Gender stereotypes are an example.