Skeletal System Fundementals
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
to provide support and protection for the body and produce blood and store nutrients
What type of bone is longer than it is wide, such as the femur?
Long Bone
What are the small tube parallel structural units of compact bone called?
Osteons
Which cells are responsible for building new bone tissue?
osteoblasts
What is the name of the organ that controls the inhaling and exhaling in the respiratory system?
How many bones are typically found in an adult human body?
206
Identify a type of short bone found in the human body.
Square foot bone, talus etc
What is the function of osteocytes in bone tissue?
to monitor and maintain bone matrix
What process do osteoclasts perform on old or damaged bone tissue?
How many valves does the heart have?
4
Name the two main divisions of the human skeleton.
Axial, and Appendicular
Which bones are classified as flat bones?
Shoulder Blades, Scapula
Describe the composition of an osteon.
concentric lamellae, a central canal, and canaliculi
How does mechanical stress influence bone remodeling
stimulates osteoblasts to repair bones
Complete the following:
_____ killer cells (_K) are part of the innate immune system
Natural killer cells
What part of the bone is most responsible for helping prevent injuries
compact bone
Name a type of irregular bone found in the human body.
Spine, Facial bones, femur
How does spongy bone differ from compact bone in structure and function?
Spongy bone has a porous structure and supports marrow production, while compact bone provides strength and support.
Explain how astronauts experience changes in their skeletal system during long space missions.
They lose up to 1% to 2% of bone mass monthly due to reduced mechanical load in microgravity.
What is the name of the cells from the adaptive immune system that kill infected cells and are created to fight a specific infection?
Cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+)
Describe the process by which bone tissue is continuously renewed and remodeled.
Bone remodeling, where osteoclasts work with osteoblasts to rebuild/ remodel
Explain how bone shape relates to its function in the body.
different shapes allow bones to fulfill specific roles, like support, movement, or protection
how nutrient supply occurs within an osteon.
Nutrients are supplied through central canals containing blood vessels that branch into canaliculi.
Describe the hormonal regulation involved in bone remodeling.
Hormones like parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin regulate calcium levels affecting osteoblast and osteoclast activity.
Describe the process of peristalsis
The automatic wave-like movement of the muscles that line your gastrointestinal tract. Peristalsis moves food through your digestive system, beginning in your throat when you swallow and continuing through your esophagus, stomach and intestines while you digest.