Plato
What is the lowest type of thing on Plato's divided line?
Images
What is higher, according to Aristotle, knowledge that allows you to have power over nature, or knowledge that is pursued for its own sake?
Knowledge for its own sake
What was Descartes’ primary goal in the First Meditation?
To establish certainty/to expose all things that can be doubted
What are the two types of perceptions, according to Hume?
Impressions and Ideas
When Mill discusses liberty, what kind of liberty is he referring to?
civil/social liberty
What is the highest type of entity in Plato's divided line?
Forms
What does Aristotle call the basic types of things that exist?
substances
Which example does Descartes use to illustrate the difficulty of distinguishing wakefulness from dreaming?
Sitting by the fire in a dressing gown
Hume thinks we associate ideas in these three ways
Resemblance, Contiguity, Causation
In a democracy, what concern has replaced the fear of a single vicious tyrant?
Tyranny of the majority
What are the two major divisions/realms in Plato's divided line?
Visible and Intelligible
What is the highest wisdom of?
first causes
Which sciences does Descartes consider most certain even under radical doubt?
Arithmetic and geometry
According to Hume, all ideas are ultimate derived from what?
Sensations
What is the harm principle?
The state is only justified in limiting individual liberty in the name of preventing harm to others (not self-harm)
What is the topic of the Euthyphro?
Piety
What is Aristotle's name for the cause of all motion, and hence all nature?
The unmoved mover
According to Descartes, what is the essence of the self?
A thinking thing
Hume thinks reasons is a more complex version of what?
Instinct
What kind of justification does Mill provide for his claims?
Consequentialist/Utilitarian ones. These claims maximize happiness for the individual and society.
How is the form of the Good like the sun?
It can both be known and allows other forms to be known, as the sun can be seen and allows other things to be seen
What are the 4 causes, according to Aristotle?
Matter, Form, Efficient, End
What is the famous conclusion Descartes come to regarding self-certainty?
I think, I am. Cogito, sum.
When we think one event causes another, Hume says we are not seeing a real necessary connection. Instead, we only actually experience this.
What is constant conjunction
How does liberty of thought and discussion benefit society, according to Mill?
It prevents dead dogma, strengthens true belief, allows for the development and discovery of new ways of living