Key Concepts & Terminology
the process of learning two languages at the same time, typically from birth up to age three, by being exposed to both languages in a natural environment
What is simultaneous bilingualism?
Intermediate stage of learner language as it moves toward target L2
What is interlanguage?
TL
target language
The level of language that refers to vocabulary and word meanings
What is lexicon?
Known for his work in Behaviorism in the 1960s
Who is Skinner?
A linguistic approach to SLA that involves predicting or explaining learner problems based on a comparison of the L1 and L2 (similarities and differences)
What is Constrastive Analysis?
Linguistic model from the 1950s that emphasized that the description of different levels of production in speech
What is Structuralism?
UG
Universal Grammar
The level that deals with the sound system of a language
What is phonology?
Known for the Monitor Model in the late 1970s
Who is Krashen?
"i + 1" represents this concept
What is Comprehensible Input?
Theory that views SLA as similar to learning any other skill?
What is Behaviorist theory?
AoO
Age of Onset
The level that involves the structure of words and how they are formed
What is morphology?
The linguist who is associated with the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis in the 1960s
Who is Lado?
A stable state of language acquisition where learners stop their interlanguage development before they reach target norms (even though they have input and time)
What is fossilization?
All languages share a common underlying structure which is hardwired into the human brain and provides a common framework for all language acquisition.
What is Universal Grammar?
LAD
The level that focuses on sentence structure and word order
What is syntax?
Known for introducing the concept of Interlanguage in the 1970s
Who is Selinker?
Argument that children’s knowledge of language goes beyond what could be learned from the input they receive.
What is the poverty of the stimulus argument?
That emotional factors like anxiety, low self-confidence, and lack of motivation can create a mental block that hinders second language acquisition
What is the Affective Filter hypothesis?
CPH
Critical Period Hypothesis
The level that includes how sentences connect to form coherent communication
What is discourse?
The linguist who proposed the theory of Universal Grammar, suggesting that humans are born with an innate ability to acquire language
Who is Chomsky?