Unit 0
A variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment
Independent Variable
The basic unit of the nervous system that transmits information.
Neuron
The process of getting information into memory.
Encoding
Learning through association between two stimuli.
Classical conditioning
Pressure to change behavior to match a group.
Conformity
This type of bias occurs when people believe they "knew it all along" after learning the outcome
Hindsight Bias
The branch of the nervous system that activates the fight-or-flight response.
Sympathetic nervous system
Memory that holds information temporarily while working with it.
Working memory
The psychologist who discovered classical conditioning with dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
Explaining behavior by personality rather than the situation.
Fundamental attribution error
This research method observes behavior in natural settings without manipulating variables
Naturalistic Observation
This part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination.
Cerebellum
A mental shortcut used to make quick decisions or judgments.
Heuristic
Learning through rewards and punishments.
Operant conditioning
This occurs when people perform better on simple tasks when others are watching.
Social facilitation
A factor other than the independent variable that could influence the results of an experiment.
Confounding Variable
Chemical messengers that transmit signals across the synapse.
Neurotransmitters
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.
Serial position effect
Learning by observing and imitating others.
Observational learning
According to Freud, this part of personality follows the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification.
Id
This sampling method gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected.
Random Sampling
The brain structure involved in forming new memories and learning.
Hippocampus
A problem-solving strategy that guarantees a correct solution but may take longer.
Algorithm
Piaget stage where children begin thinking logically about concrete events.
Concrete Operational Stage
The tendency for people to put less effort into a task when working in a group than when working alone.
Social Loafing