Phraseology Basics
This branch of linguistics studies set, ready-made expressions.
Phraseology
This scholar proposed fusions, unities and combinations.
Vinogradov
"To kick the bucket": meaning completely unmotivated. Which Vinogradov type?
Phraseological fusion
"On pins and needles" → "igna ustida o'tirmoq": same meaning, image and structure. Which strategy?
Full phraseological equivalence
Give an Uzbek meaning of "a piece of cake".
Juda oson ish (something very easy)
This feature means the components of a PU are fixed in order and form.
Stability
Smirnitsky classified PUs by this criterion, giving one-top and two-top units.
The number of notional words
"To burn one's bridges": the image explains the meaning. Which type?
Phraseological unity
"To dance to someone's pipe" → "birovning nog'orasiga o'ynamoq": pipe becomes drum. Which strategy?
Partial equivalence
The Uzbek proverb "Yetti o'lchab, bir kes" is the exact equivalent of this English proverb.
Look before you leap
In "a heavy box" and "a heavy heart", only one is a PU. Which, and why?
"A heavy heart": the meaning is figurative and belongs to the whole, not to the parts
Amosova's approach is built on this idea, separating phrases from idioms.
Fixed context
"To make a decision": one component direct, the other bound. Which type?
Phraseological combination
"Cut from the same cloth" → "tuprog'i bir yerdan olingan": cloth becomes clay. Which strategy?
Phraseological analogue (different image, same meaning)
"Tomosha qo'ymoq" corresponds to this English theatre-based phrase.
To make a scene
Kunin defines it as a stable word-group with a wholly or partially transferred meaning.
A phraseological unit (PU)
Arnold classified PUs by this, treating them as equivalents of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.
Grammatical function (part of speech)
Kunin's functional class of "Still waters run deep".
Communicative (a proverb standing for a whole sentence)
"It is raining cats and dogs" → "mushuk va itlar yog'moqda". What went wrong, and what is a natural rendering?
A calque with a foreign image; say "chelaklab quymoqda"
"Bo'yoqchining nilimi?!" comes from this craft and means this.
The painter's craft; "it is not an easy task"
Give the meaning of "a storm in a teacup" and an Uzbek rendering.
Much fuss about a trifle: arzimas narsadan shov-shuv
This 1909 work by Charles Bally began the study of stable word-groups within stylistics.
Traité de stylistique française
Arnold's structural type of "as old as the hills".
Adjectival (a simile)
"Make a scene" can be "tomosha qo'ymoq" in speech but "janjal ko'tarmoq" in a report. Which strategy explains this?
Contextual adaptation: register and audience decide
Name the strategy and an Uzbek rendering for "to bury the hatchet".
Descriptive translation: dushmanlikka chek qo'ymoq