States of matter
What are 3 common states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A mixture that is evenly mixed throughout
What type of reaction releases heat?
Exothermic reaction
What is activation energy?
The minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur
What pH value is considered neutral?
7
What is the process called when a liquid changes into a gas?
Vaporization
What happens during dilution?
More solvent is added, lowering the concentration
What does specific heat measure?
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance
What theory explains how particles must collide to react?
Collision theory
According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, what does an acid do?
Donates a proton
Why do gases spread out to fill a container?
Gas particles move freely and randomly in all directions
What unit is commonly used for molarity?
mol/L or M
What happens to energy during an endothermic reaction?
Energy is absorbed from the surroundings
How does increasing temperature affect reaction rate?
It increases the reaction rate because particles move faster and collide more often
What is produced during a neutralization reaction?
Water and a salt
Which state of matter is easiest to compress and why?
Gas, because its particles are far apart
What is the difference between soluble and insoluble substances?
Soluble substances dissolve in a solvent; insoluble substances do not
During melting, does water absorb or release heat?
Absorb heat
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
A catalyst speeds up a reaction by lowering activation energy
What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
Strong acids completely ionize in water; weak acids only partially ionize
Explain how increasing temperature affects particle motion according to kinetic molecular theory?
Increasing temperature causes particles to move faster because they gain kinetic energy
A solution contains 10 g of salt dissolved in 90 g of water? What is the percent by mass of salt?
10%
Why does temperature remain constant during a phase change?
The energy is used to change the state of matter instead of increasing temperature
Why does crushing a solid reactant increase reaction rate?
It increases surface area, allowing more collisions between particles
If the hydrogen ion concentration increases, what happens to pH?
The pH decreases