All About the Eye
The way to measure visual acuity. Cover right eye first, read the lowest line on the chart possible, followed by the eye do the same, lastly uncover both eyes and read lowest line.
What is a Snellen Chart?
Either viral or bacterial infection behind the tympanic membrane which can follow an upper respiratory infection. Perforation is a complication because of build up of pressure an fluid causing the tympanic membrane to rupture.
What is otitis media?
This is an antibiotic often used to treat otitis media as well as other bacterial infections throughout the body. May cause GI upset so should be taken with food. Patients are instructed to complete the full course of this antibiotic.
What is Amoxicillin?
Gentamicin 1000 mg orally is ordered for your patient. The supply on hand is 500 mg/mL. How many mL do you administer?
What is 2 mL?
An inability to focus up close because of decreased elasticity in the ocular lens. Occurs due to aging.
What is Presbyopia?
The outer most layer of the eye. Most of it is white and opaque. Blood vessels and nerves run through it. It is formed of dense connective tissue and is in the fibrous outer layer.
What is the sclera?
The outer ear which includes the ear canal and tympanic membrane. The middle ear which contains three small bones (ossicles) and the Eustachian tube. The inner ear which contains the cochlea and the semicircular canals.
What are the three parts of the ear?
This medication decreases production and increases outflow of aqueous humor to lower intraocular pressure. This is used as a first line medication for long-term topical treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
What is Brimonidine?
Amoxicillin 400 mg three times daily is ordered for your patient. What is the total amount of mg your patient is getting in one day?
What is 1200 mg?
An involuntary, cyclical, rapid movement of the eyes from side to side, up and down or in a circular motion.
What is nystagmus?
Exits from the posterior portion of the eyeball which transmits signals to the brain. Cranial nerve II.
What is the optic nerve?
Can occur due to noise exposure, aging, or trauma. Symptoms include difficulty hearing high pitched sounds, difficulty hearing conversations in noisy environments, and tinnitus. It is caused by damage to the inner ear, cranial nerve VIII. Cochlear implants or labyrinthectomy may be surgical treatment options. Tested by using the Rinne or Weber tests.
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
This beta blocker decreases intraocular pressure by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor produced.
What is Timolol?
Vancomycin 250 mg mixed in 200 ml NS bag IV is to infuse over 30 minutes. What is the rate per hour?
What is 400 mL/hr?
A common eye condition where the lens has an irregular curvature causing blurred vision. This can cause objects to appear distorted.
What is astigmatism?
The ciliary body secretes this to fill the ANTERIOR cavity of the eye. The fluid flows from the posterior chamber, through the pupil, and into the anterior chamber.
What is aqueous humor?
A disorder caused by fluid buildup in the chambers of the inner ear. Can cause vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus. Usually develops between- 40-60 years old. Antihistamines, diuretics and vasodilators can be used for treatment. Patients are encouraged to eat low salt diet, restrict caffine and tobacco use.
What is Meniere's Disease?
These meds are used to promote comfort and reduce fever in children with viral ear infections.
What are acetaminophen and ibuprofen?
Ciprofloxacin 500 mg capsule is ordered two times per day. On hand is Ciprofloxacin 250 mg. How many capsules will you administer?
What is two capsules?
An eye disease that causes loss in the center of the field of vision. This happens when the macula is damaged. Blurred vision is key symptom.
What is Macular Degeneration?
With lights dimmed in the room, examiner asks the patient to stare at a fixed point in the room, examiner shines a light into each eye and observes the pupils reaction. Then the patient focuses on a near object and examiner observes the pupils reaction as object moves in closer.
What is PERRLA?
Condition caused by abnormal bone remodeling in the middle ear. More common in woman than men. Often is inherited. Due to the bone remodeling, sound traveling from the middle ear to the inner ear is disrupted. Treatment of choice is a stapedectomy.
What is otosclerosis?
This medication is used to treat primary angle-closure glaucoma. This med is needed to treat this acute onset of closure between the iris and sclera due to the immediate increased intraocular pressure. The patient experiences severe pain with this type of glaucoma. Without this medication, there could be irreversible blindness within 1-2 days if not treated.
What is Mannitol?
Vancomycin 750mg/100 mL IV is to be infused over 30 minutes. Calculate the rate to be programed in the IV pump.
What is 200 mL/hour?
Chronic, progressive eye disease due to the eye's drainage system being abnormal and causing fluid to build up in the anterior part of the eye. The extra fluid cause increased pressure in the eye that causes damage to the optic nerve. This leads to visual field loss.
What is Glaucoma?