Pre Industrial Revolution
Where did most people live?
Country/rural areas
What country did the Industrial Revolution begin in?
Great Britain
The inventor of the steam engine.
James Watt/Thomas Newcomen
These areas rapidly grew as people left farms in search of work.
Cities
During the second Industrial Revolution, this man was responsible for making the production of steel cheaper and faster.
Bessemer
These people resisted the changes wrought by the Industrial Revolution and destroyed machines.
Luddites.
Most products were produced in homes - this was called ________
Cottage Industries
Laws that led to larger, more efficient farms, but also displaced smaller farmers, causing them to move to cities in search of work.
The Enclosure Laws
Creator of the cotton gin.
Eli Whitney
Rapid urbanization and longer lifespans during the Industrial Revolution led to _______ in the cities.
Overpopulation/Crowding
This medical development by Louis Pasteur led to the discovery of methods of killing bacteria and preventing the spread of disease.
germ theory
These organizations formed among workers who wanted to advocate for changes in working conditions.
Trade Unions
In the 18th Century, the economy was based on______.
Great Britain had a large class of ______ who were willing to take risks in development of new technologies and businesses.
Entrepreneurs
The ________ allowed for faster and cheaper production of pig iron.
Puddling
Cities suffered from the spread of cholera and other diseases due to the lack of separation of fresh water and _______.
sewage
The development of this, based first on the steam engine, led to another revolution in transportation with cars and airplanes.
Internal combustion engine.
This was a working class effort to expand political representation in Great Britain and have interests represented in the government.
Chartrists
In cottage industries, individuals used the means of production here.
Homes
Great Britain was the first European country to industrialize because it had abundant _________.
mineral resources (iron ore and coal)
John Kay’s _______ increased speed of making cloth that outstripped the production of thread.
Flying shuttle.
Working in factories, the new working class shifted from owning the means of production in their own homes to using the means of production in a factory in return for a ______.
Wage
The Second Industrial Revolution saw a shift in power sources - from water and coal to ______
electricity
The People's Charter demanded universal male suffrage, the lowering of the property requirement for members of parliament, and that members of parliament receive a ______.
People kept time by the seasons and _____.
Sun
Great Britain was able to industrialize first because unlike France and other European countries had not suffered from______.
War/destruction
What invention increased the speed at which thread could be made to catch up with the weavers?
The spinning jenny
Another change in working conditions was moving from work tied to the seasons and daylight to ________, that were based on hours.
shift work
This Edison invention revolutionized the world by allowing for safer lighting - allowing for safe lighting of factories, illuminating city streets, and lighting homes after dark.
Lightbulb
Marx and Engel wrote ________, which argued that the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie.
Communist Manifesto
Agricultural
Great Britain was able to industrialize first because it had a _________ that protected private property and maintained peace.
stable government
As industrialization led to bigger machines, work moved from homes to ________.
Factories
Parks
Edward Jenner developed this important medical innovation that led to the eradication of a deadly disease.
Smallpox vaccine.
Marx argued that all of human history is a history of _____
class warfare/struggle/clash
Great Britain also had an extensive ________ that allowed the movement of goods and materials throughout the country and to port cities.
Transportation system (roads, rivers)
The development of the steam engine and cheaper production of iron led to this revolutionary invention.
Railroads
This man proposed modern sanitary reforms, such as trash removal, updated sewage systems, clean water to residents.
Edwin Chadwick
This country overtook Great Britain as an industrial leader as it embraced newer technologies and encouraged the studying of engineering and science in universities.
Germany
_______ Socialists, led by Eduard Bernstein, argued that Marx was wrong about the fall of capitalism and advocated for working class changes through the democratic systems
Evolutionary