Life & Science
What is the smallest unit that can carry out all life processes?
What is a cell?
Which organelle contains DNA and directs many cell activities?
The nucleus
What is the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration called?
Diffusion
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
Which molecule has three phosphate groups: ATP or ADP?
ATP
What is the smallest unit that can carry out all life processes?
What is they cannot reproduce independently?
Which organelle assembles proteins using instructions from mRNA?
The ribosome
What is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane called?
Osmosis
What is the purpose of mitosis in a multicellular organism?
Growth, repair, and replacement of cells
What happens when ATP loses its last phosphate group?
ATP becomes ADP and energy is released.
Name two characteristics shared by all living things.
What is: use energy, maintain homeostasis, grow, reproduce, respond to stimuli, contain cells.
A cell produces and exports a protein. Name the organelle that modifies and packages it for delivery.
The Golgi apparatus
A cell uses ATP to move sodium from low concentration to high concentration. Is this active or passive transport?
Active transport
What process produces two genetically similar daughter cells from one parent cell?
Asexual cellular reproduction / mitotic cell division
What is the process called when water helps break the bond in ATP?
Hydrolysis
A scientist observes an object that has no cells and cannot use energy. Is it living? Explain.
What is no. It does not meet key criteria for life
Which organelle releases usable energy from food molecules during cellular respiration?
The mitochondrion
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will usually gain or lose water?
Lose water
In binary fission, how many parent cells are involved?
One
What must happen to ADP for it to become ATP again?
ADP must gain a phosphate group and energy.
What is the cell theory?
It explains that living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and cells come from existing cells.
A plant cell is placed in darkness and can no longer make sugar from light. Which organelle is directly affected?
The chloroplast
Why does maintaining homeostasis matter to cells?
Cells function best when internal conditions stay within a suitable range.
How does cell differentiation create specialized cells?
Different genes are turned on or off, causing cells to develop different structures and functions.
Explain why the ATP–ADP cycle is useful to cells.
It continually stores and releases energy for cellular work.