Macromolecules
What is the monomer of a protein?
An amino acid
This organelle is responsible for making proteins.
Ribosome
What are the three types of passive transport?
Osmosis, Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion
Which process releases ATP?
Cellular Respiration
The products (outputs) of photosynthesis are ___________.
Oxygen (O2) and Glucose (C6H12O6)
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
When a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution, what happens to the cytoplasm?
It becomes plasmolyzed (pulls away from the cell wall).
What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
It swells/gets larger/water moves into the cell.
The Krebs cycle is part of ____________.
The Calvin cycle is part of ____________.
Krebs: Cellular Respiration
Calvin: Photosynthesis
This type of transport uses ATP energy.
Active transport.
A starch is a _________.
Carbohydrate
The purpose of the nucleus is to store __________.
DNA (genetic information).
The diffusion of water is _________.
Osmosis
What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis uses sunlight energy to create glucose. Cellular respiration breaks glucose down into ATP energy.
What is the difference between ADP and ATP?
ADP has two phosphates, ATP has three phosphates.
The polymer of a nucleotide is ____________.
Nucleic Acid
Which substances makes leaves look green?
Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts.
In this type of transport, the cell membrane engulfs (eats) material from outside the cell, forming a vesicle that transports the substance INTO the cell.
ENDOcytosis
What is the purpose of the stomata in photosynthesis?
They let carbon dioxide in and oxygen out.
What kind of transport uses proteins to move molecules across the cell membrane WITHOUT energy?
Facilitated Diffusion
What is the structure of lipids in the cell membrane? (hint: heads and tails)
In the phospholipid bilayer, hydrophobic tails are inward facing each other, hydrophilic heads face outward (toward cytoplasm and also the outside of the cell/extracellular space).
These two organelles work together to convert sunlight energy into ATP.
Chloroplast and mitochondria.
Active transport moves substances __________ the concentration gradient. (From ______ concentration to _______ concentration.)
Against. (Low --> High)
Which equation is this?
C6H12O6 + O2 -----> H2O + CO2 + 34 ATP
Cellular Respiration
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of __________.
Pyruvate