Nouns
All Latin nouns have what four things?
Declension, number, gender, and case
What do the grammar rules state about the gender of 1st declension nouns.
First declension nouns are feminine, unless the natural gender is masculine
In what ways do Latin adjectives mirror their nouns?
Latin adjectives mirror their nouns in number, gender, and case.
What are the two Latin verb systems?
Present System, Perfect System
Prepositions are usually governed by which case?
Prepositions are usually governed by the ablative case.
How is the stem of a Latin noun found?
A stem of a Latin noun is found by dropping the ending of the genitive singular.
What do the grammar rules state about the genders of the second declension nouns? And how is it determined?
The gender of second declension nouns are masculine or neuter depending on the ending of the nominative singular.
What does the "Walmart" rule state about adjective placement?
The "Walmart" rule states that generally quantity adjectives come before the nouns they modify and quality adjectives come after the nouns they modify.
What are the six Latin verb tenses?
Present System:
present, imperfect, future
Perfect System:
perfect, pluperfect, future perfect
Translate propter and post and tell which case they govern.
Propter: on account of
post: behind or after
Both are governed by the accusative case.
What are the two ways one can determine whether a 3rd declension noun will be declined like pars?
1. The nominative and genitive singular will have the same number of syllables.
2. The stem of the noun ends in two consonants.
What do the grammar rules state about the gender of third declension nouns? And how is it determined?
How many declensions exist for Latin adjectives and what are they?
There are two declensions for Latin adjectives: 1/2 (one-half, also read as 1st/2nd declension) and the 3rd declension
What are the principal parts of the first conjugation using the verb laudo?
laud-o, laud-arē, laudāv-ī, laudāt-us
When is the Latin preposition "in" governed by the ablative case and when is it governed by the accusative case?
The Latin preposition "in" is governed by the ablative case when motion or movement is NOT expressed: "I am on the mountain."
The Latin preposition "in" is governed by the accusative case when motion or movement IS expressed. "I am going into the river."
What are the Latin noun cases and their English meanings?
Nominative-Subject
Genitive-Possessive
Dative-Indirect Object
Accusative-Direct Object
Ablative-Object of the Preposition
What do the grammar rules state about gender of 4th declension nouns
Nouns of the fourth declension are generally masculine with a few exceptions.
What are the masculine, feminine, and neuter endings of the 1/2 adjective declension?
Masculine:
us, ī, ō, um, ō---ī, ōrum, īs, ōs, īs
Feminine:
a, ae, ae, am, ā---ae, ārum, īs, ās, īs
Neuter:
um, ī, ō, um, ō---a, ōrum, īs, a, īs
What are the forms of the Latin verb "sum" and their meanings?
sum=I am
es=you (singular) are
est=he, she, it is
sumus=we are
estis=you (plural) are
sunt= they are
What are the ablative and accusative meanings of the Latin preposition "in"?
Ablative: in or on
Accusative: in, into, against, upon, on
Latin nouns have how many declensions, and what are their nominative and genitive singular endings?
Latin nouns have five declensions and their endings are:
1st: a, ae
2nd: us, ī
3rd: various, is
4th: us, ūs
5th: ēs, ēi
What do the grammar rules state about gender of 5th declension nouns?
5th declension nouns are all feminine except Diēs, Diēi.
What are the 3rd declension masculine, feminine, and neuter adjective endings?
masculine/feminine:
is, is, ī, em, ī---ēs, ium, ibus, ēs, ibus
neuter:
e, is, ī, e, ī---ia, ium, ibus, ia, ibus
How many Latin conjugations are there? And what are their names?
There are four conjugations and they are named: 1st conjugation, 2nd conjugation, 3rd conjugation, 4th conjugation.
Name two Latin adjectives that govern prepositional phrases, their English translations, and the cases they govern.
Options:
1. cupidus, a, um governs the genative case and means eager.
2. plenus, a, um governs the genative or ablative case and means full.
3. finitimus, a, um governs the dative case and means next or neighboring.
4. similis, e governs the genative or dative case and means similar or like.