Newton's Laws
Electromagnets
Waves
Space Science
Gravity
100
What does Newton's 1st Law of Motion state?
An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
100
What are the 3 main components in an electromagnet?
1.) Coil/Wire
2.) Battery
3.) Core
100
What is the difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves?
Mechanical waves require a medium to travel, and electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for travel.
100
What does the Big Bang Theory state?
The universe began 13.8 billion years ago with the introduction of matter like hydrogen gas. This provided the basics for what would go on to become stars, galaxies, planets, and more.
100
Which statement best describes a gravitational interaction?
- A) Gravity pushes objects away from each other
- B) Gravity pulls objects toward each other
- C) Gravity only affects objects in space
- D) Gravity affects some objects but not others
- B) Gravity pulls objects toward each other
200
What formula can be used to demonstrate Newton's 2nd Law of Motion?
Force = Mass x Acceleration
200
What is 1 way you can INCREASE the strength of an electromagnet?
1.) Add more coils around the core
2.) Add a core/stronger core like iron
3.) Increase the power supply (better battery or more batteries)
200
Which letter describes amplitude?
Letter D
200
Describe how planets form starting from gas and dust.
Dust and gas are clumped together by gravity. The clump grows as dust and gas are stuck to the growing celestial body. The object grows and is smoothed over and rounded into a sphere by gravity.
200
How does the mass of an object affect the gravitational force it exerts?
- A) More mass means weaker gravity
- B) More mass means stronger gravity
- C) Mass has no effect on gravity
- D) Only very large objects have gravity
- B) More mass means stronger gravity
300
What are the reaction and action forces seen in this picture?
Action force: Book pushes down on table
Reaction force: Table pushes up on book
300
What is the difference between an electromagnet and a permanent magnet?
Electromagnets can be turned on and off. They are not always producing a magnetic field.
Permanent magnets are always producing a magnetic field, meaning they are always attracting objects that can be attracted by magnets.
Ex.) A car motor versus a fridge magnet
300
How does energy affect wavelength?
As energy increases, wavelength decreases. The two are INVERSELY related.
300
Outline a star's life cycle from birth to death. Highlight one possible path for a star's life and all of that path's stages in order.
Path 1: Stellar nebula, protostar, main sequence star, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf
Path 2: Stellar nebula, protostar, main sequence star, supergiant, supernova, neutron star OR black hole
300
Two planets are orbiting a star. Planet A is twice as far from the star as Planet B. How does the gravitational force on Planet A compare to Planet B?
- A) Planet A experiences 4 times less gravitational force
- B) Planet A experiences 2 times less gravitational force
- C) Planet A experiences the same gravitational force
- D) Planet A experiences stronger gravitational force
- A) Planet A experiences 4 times less gravitational force
400
What is inertia and how does it relate to objects in motion or objects at rest?
Inertia is the tendency of an object to remain in motion or remain at rest.
As the mass of an object increases, inertia increases as well.
Ex.) It is harder to push a 50 pound box into motion than a 10 pound box
400
Describe 2 examples of electromagnets in modern technology.
Examples include: electric car motors, hair dryers, toy cars, electric toothbrushes, washing machines, dish washers, transformers, headphones, speakers, maglev trains, air conditioners
400
What is the Doppler Effect and how does it relate to sound?
As an object producing sound moves around a person, that person will hear the sound differently. As the object gets farther away, the pitch gets lower. This results in a deeper-sounding noise.
This is commonly observed with sirens from police vehicles, fire trucks, ambulances, etc.
400
What technology do scientists use to study the composition of stars AND how does this technology study stars?
Spectroscopes
They use REFRACTION to see the individual wavelengths of color in stars in addition to the elements that make them.
400
The _____________ between two objects affects how strong the gravitational force is between them.
Distance
500
Explain how all of Newton's Laws can apply to a rocket launch.
The rocket has lots of inertia, so it takes great force to send the rocket into motion. The rocket will begin to accelerate as the force from the thrusters overcomes the force of gravity. This action force of the gas in the rocket uses the reaction force from the ground pushing on the gas to take off into space.
500
Walk through how an electromagnet produces a magnetic field
1.) Wire is attached to the positive and negative terminals of a battery
2.) The wire is wrapped around a ferromagnetic core
3.) The electrical field moving through the loops of the wire forms a magnetic field around the coils
500
List every electromagnetic wave in order from shortest wavelength to longest.
Gamma, X-ray, Ultraviolet, Visible Light, Infrared, Microwave, Radio
500
What evidence do we have to support the Big Bang Theory?
1.) The amount of dust given off by stars
2.) The rate at which galaxies are moving away from Earth
3.) The amount of hydrogen found in stars
500
TRUE OR FALSE: The gravitational force between two objects increases as the distance between them increases.
False