First Industrial Revolution
What country did the Industrial Revolution begin in?
What process made steel cheaper and stronger?
The Bessemer Process
Which industry made Andrew Carnegie one of the richest men in America?
Steel
What term means the growth of cities?
Urbanization
What was the main goal of labor unions?
To improve wages and working conditions
Who improved the steam engine in 1769, powering trains and factories?
James Watt
What two energy sources powered the Second Industrial Revolution?
Oil and electricity
What was John D. Rockefeller’s main industry?
Oil (Standard Oil Company)
What were overcrowded, unsafe apartment buildings called?
Tenements
Who founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Samuel Gompers
What invention by James Hargreaves sped up textile production?
The Spinning Jenny
Who invented the telephone in 1876?
Alexander Graham Bell
What 1890 law tried to stop monopolies and trusts?
The Sherman Antitrust Act
Who photographed tenement life in How the Other Half Lives?
Jacob Riis
The 1892 Homestead Strike involved what group of workers?
Steelworkers
What device invented by Eli Whitney separated seeds from cotton fibers?
The Cotton GIn
What innovation by Henry Ford made car production faster and cheaper?
The moving assembly line
What is vertical integration?
Controlling all parts of production (from raw materials to sales)
Which city’s population grew more than 70 times between 1850 and 1910?
Chicago
Who was known as “Mother Jones”?
A famous labor organizer and reformer
What term describes the move from handmade goods to machine production?
Industrialization
Between what years did the Second Industrial Revolution occur?
1870-1914
The Gospel of Wealth argued what idea about rich people?
The wealthy have a moral duty to use their money to help society
What organization helped immigrants through schools and charities?
The Catholic Church
What book by Upton Sinclair led to the Pure Food and Drug Act?
The Jungle