Armenian genocide
Whats a simple description of Armenians during Ottoman empire?
-An ethnic group, was 2nd class, unfairly taxed, and systemically disliked (Muslims were liked, Armenians Christians so not liked) by OT
Did the U.S. initially participate in the war? Why or why not?
Did the U.S. do anything at all to help one of the sides? If so, which one?
-No; because of the Monroe Doctrine. Basically, US will stay in the Americas, will be neutral for wars in other continents.
-Helped the Allied Powers (Britain and France mostly), because of ethnic ties and because B and F were democratic, Central powers were absolute powers
During March 1918, what does Germany do as a last effort to win the war, does it work?
What ends up happening with the central powers (Oct 1918)?
-Final attack, Spring Offensive, went all out, but failed.
-Collapses from within due to internal rebellions (Public stops supporting, OT + A-H leave, soldiers stop fighting)
What was held a few months after the end of WWI, establishing what? and where?
Who was NOT invited?
-Paris Peace Conference, to establish peace terms, in Paris
-The losing Central Powers (G, A-H, OT); and Russia because of ① withdrawal from war and ② turning to Communism
What was the Legue of Nations established for? why was it NOT successful?
-To secure lasting world peace
-The most powerful nation, US, did not join
When did the Armenian Genocide happen? Who commited it?
-OT during WWI
What technology did Germany use to blockade Britain? Why?
What happened in May 1915 that Germany later appologized to the U.S. for? what did Germany also pledge?
-Used U-Boats (submarines/ underwater boats); to cut off supplies, hopes of ending war faster
-G. Sunk British passenger ship, Lusitania, that was carrying innocent Americans (also stopped US from smuggling supplies); Pledged to stop submarine warfare (would warn before shooting, giving time for passengers to flee)
What disease was breaking out during the fall of 1918?
-The Spanish Flu, killing millions at home and in the trenches of war
Who were the Big four (five) that dominated?
List in order of importance (if you can!)
state who represented and what did they want.
-France: Clemenceau, wanted to punish Germany
-US: Woodrow Wilson, wanted peace (for everyone at the conference at least)
-Italy: Vittorio Orlando, wanted to secure the land Britain promised Italy when flipped sides
-Japan: --, wanted Racial Equality, but were laughed at and left
-Britain: David Lloyd George, wanted to keep empire, or maybe even expand if possible
What is the main reason non-Armenians in the OT empire were commiting the atrocious acts?
-OT gov't used propaganda, was effective in convincing that Armenians were traitors and were helping Russia
(simple answer) What 3 events led the US to join/declare war in April 1917?
-Germany resumed submarine warfare; Germany proposed a secret alliance with Mexico; The Russian Revolution
After what did Germany request a ceasefire?
How did France handle their request?
-France wanted to hammer them, they did not reach a fair solution for Germany
What nations recieved treaties?
What was the name for German's treaty? was it a nice treaty?
What 4 things did Germany have to do/ what happened?
*Hitler was born from this treaty*
-All the losing ones, it was either they sign or war continues!
-Treaty of Versailles; very harsh and humiliated Germans
①Lost territory; land was given to France and Poland, colonies all lost, some land was de-militarized *lost 10% of population*
②Disarmament: could only have an army of 100k
③Reparations: was going to pay billions of dollars to Allied Powers ! ! !
④War Guilt: had to take ALL of the blame
What was the name of the starving German winter (1917) and how did it become a factor in the US joining?
How did Germany propose a secret alliance with Mexico? was it actually a secret..?
-"Turnip Winter", Germany was starving and desperate, started submarine warfare again => factor 1 of why US joined
-used the Zimmerman Telegram; BUT Britain intercepted it and decoded it, told US prez, it got leaked into the public -> increased tension => factor 2 of why US joined
How did several nations get affected? What are the 4 we need to know about?
-Several nations collapsed + Dissolved
① Austria-Hungary: broke into smaller territories
②Ottoman Empire: broke into smaller territories
③Russia: turned into Soviet Union
④Germany: turned into a weak Republic
How did the Russian Revolution play a role in the US joining?
What side did the US join?
-Russian Revolution led to the fear that Russia would withdraw from war (they did), US fears they have to step up so that Germany doesn't win and affect the US
-Allied powers
The map of Europe was redrawn, leading to?
What 5 nations were born?
-birth of new nations
-From A-H: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia
* Poland was divided among 3 empires, Russia, Prussia, A-H, became independent as Poland
-Yugoslavia; Serbia got Bosina! (and some other bits) now called Yugoslavia