Words of Direct Address
Essential and Non-Essential elements
Introductory Elements
Items in Series
Independent Clauses
100

Can you tell me dear mother where the olive oil is?

Can you tell me, dear mother, where the olive oil is?

100

My brother a physics teacher coaches robotics.

My brother, a physics teacher, coaches robotics.

100

Oh my that is alarming.

Oh my, that is alarming.

100

I played hockey soccer and baseball in my youth.

I played hockey, soccer, and baseball in my youth.

100

I ate too much ice cream and I got sick.

I ate too much ice cream, and I got sick.

200

Dan what is the homework tonight?

Dan, what is the homework tonight?

200

I do not however like to read scientific journal articles.

I do not, however, like to read scientific journal articles.

200

After dinner we should do the dishes.

After dinner, we should do the dishes.

200

I have had a long tiring hectic day.

I have had a long, tiring, hectic day.

200

Do you want to come along or do you have too much work?

Do you want to come along, or do you have too much work?

300

Wow I never knew you were such a talented guitarist José.

Wow, I never knew you were such a talented guitarist, José.

300

I read the article that was on the front page of the Times with great interest.

I read the article that was on the front page of the Times with great interest.

300

When the timer goes off you should take the cake out of the oven.

When the timer goes off, you should take the cake out of the oven.

300

To get to grandmother's house you have to go over the river through the woods and into the mountains.

To get to grandmother's house, you have to go over the river, through the woods, and into the mountains.

300

I usually take the train however I prefer to drive.

I usually take the train; however, I prefer to drive.

400

I'll tell you Marie I have had the same problem many times.

I'll tell you, Marie, I have had the same problem many times.

400

Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez a representative from New York is one of the most visible members of the Democratic caucus in the House which is the lower chamber of Congress.

Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez, a representative from New York, is one of the most visible members of the Democratic caucus in the House, which is the lower chamber of Congress.

400

Noticing the time for the first time Alana put down her phone and started her homework.

Noticing the time for the first time, Alana put down her phone and started her homework.

400

I love that my dog is always happy to see me that he never barks that he loves to play fetch and that he likes to cuddle.

I love that my dog is always happy to see me, that he never barks, that he loves to play fetch, and that he likes to cuddle.

400

I sprinted across town and then got on the bus to Long Island.

I sprinted across town and then got on the bus to Long Island.

500

Hey you get off my lawn!

Hey, you, get off my lawn!

500

I gave my friend James a ride to his parents' house which is on the other side of Talcott Mountain.

I gave my friend James a ride to his parents' house, which is on the other side of Talcott Mountain.

500

Although I spent years learning how to cook I never mastered the cheese soufflé.

Although I spent years learning how to cook, I never mastered the cheese soufflé.

500

The band consisted of Miles Davis trumpet John Coltrane Saxophone Bill Evans piano Paul Chambers bass and Jimmy Cobb drums.

The band consisted of Miles Davis, trumpet; John Coltrane, Saxophone; Bill Evans, piano; Paul Chambers, bass; and Jimmy Cobb, drums.

500

I love all kinds of cheese moreover the more varieties of cheese I sample the more sophisticated my palate becomes.

I love all kinds of cheese; moreover, the more varieties of cheese I sample, the more sophisticated my palate becomes.

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