Sen
Karim
Pfeiffer and Chapman
Farmer
Goldman and Redfort
100

Being free of the constraints of tradition and political institutions.

What is negative freedom?

100
It says it lends micro-credit based on "trust" and without collateral.
The Grameen Bank.
100
International finance institutions have used these programs for devaluing currencies of indebted countries, shrinking their public sector, cutting their public spending, and privatizing their utilities among other measures for "stabilizing" the markets and inflation rate during the debt-crisis of the 1980s.
What are SAPs?
100
Considering every culture according to its own terms, seeing each culture as whole and complex, refraining from making value judgments.
What is cultural relativism?
100
Dividing space into discrete zones and areas in order to give it a new organization that is deemed as leading to better development outcomes.
What is territorialization?
200
Being capable of achieving "reasonable" goals.
What is substantive freedom?
200
Money is lent to them but one still wonders why they are more thrifty and always pay back? Are they more "docile" and "disciplined"?
What (who) are women?
200
These organizations (that Karim sees as integral to the "shadow state" in Bangladesh) became important providers of health care as an effect of the SAPs, however they are often only active in very specific fields (reproductive care, birth control, children, HIV, etc.).
What are NGOs?
200

The two main "axes" of structural violence analysis that the tragic stories of Acéphie and Chouchou have foregrounded.

Class (socioeconomic status, poverty) and gender.
200
An example of this is framing people as "carbon emitters".
What is "making subjects"? (subjugating people to new categories, making people visible, objectifying them, and making them targets of technical interventions).
300

According to Sen, this is a direct result of the higher involvement of women in social and economic affairs.

What is decline in fertility? (Also, what is reduction of gender bias?)
300
Donors trust them because they speak the same language of transparency, that they can understand.
What are NGOs?
300
For them, the impact of SAPs was strained relationships with patients, increased workload, and lower income.

What (who) are health workers?

300
Explaining violence as a product of cultural difference and geographic distance.
What is exoticization of violence?
300
An "oxymoron" that allowed big corporations to reinvent tomorrow's development through genomics (patenting life), big data (governing life and growth processes at a distance), and globalization (regulating transnational spaces).
What is Sustainable development?
400

1) The substantive freedom approach only takes into account the rights of individuals; 2) moreover, these individuals are assumed to be rational economic agents (neoliberal subjects); 3) the impact of culture and traditions not only on social behaviors, but also on cognitive processes ("rationality"), is not adequately analyzed.

What are criticisms of substantive freedoms?
400
Two examples of this are 1) the Grameen Bank educating its clients to a certain form of civic life and democracy; 2) the Grameen Bank pushing its clients into local leadership positions.
What is the political sphere of the NGOs?
400
This is an impact of SAPs on health care seeking: increased demand for the services of traditional healers + increased demands for money (two answers, either one accepted).
What is re-traditionalization (of health care)? What is commodification of health care services?
400
Constraints preventing people from achieving their full potential and putting them at risk even before they experience suffering.
What is structural violence?
400
By becoming world-leader in this field of study the World Bank was able to respond to its most vocal critics.
What is Impact Assessment Evaluation?
500
A theory explaining that, when many people/distinct working groups of workers become unable to afford food stuff, a famine ensues.
Failure of Exchange Entitlement
500
This is the true collateral of the Grameen Bank micro-credit in Bangladesh.
What is honor and shame?
500

The authors suggest its creation because health needs a global approach and participation of all people in shaping care should be encouraged (and risks should be shared too).

What is a health commons?
500

The vocabulary and images through which a cultural group or population convey their predicaments.

What is (cultural) idiom of suffering?
500
A system of rule that takes 1) biology and allied sciences as a template for ruling and 2) the growth of life as its ultimate goal.
What is eco-governmentality.
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