Unit 4

Feudalism

100

1. Define Feudalism 

A political system/social structure based on loyalty and military service. 

200

2. Draw the social hierarchy pyramid of Feudal Europe and label each of the classes 

King- Nobles- Knights- Peasants 

300

3. What was the role of the Roman Catholic Church during feudalism?

Provided stability in Europe during the middle ages because government was controlled locally, in kingdoms, rather than in vast empires 

400

4. What was the most significant economic resource under manoralism? Why? 

Land, which was exchanged for loyalty/military service/food

500

5. What turning point in Global history led to the development of the European feudal system? Why?

Fall of the Roman Empire --> loss of political stability 

Empire = centralized govt, power is controlled by a central figure (ex: pope/emperor in Rome)

Feudalism = decentralized govt, power is local (lords/kings)

Crusades

100

6. What two religious groups were involved in fighting the crusades?

Muslims and Christians

200

7. Define crusade

a medieval military expedition made by Christian Europeans to "recover" the holy land (Jerusalem) from Muslims in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries

300

8. Why did Christians decide to go on crusades? What were they promised in return?

the crusaders were peasants who sought their freedom in the holy land, where they aspired to build settlements and escape feudalism

In 1095 CE Pope Urban II calls all Christians in Europe to war against Muslims in order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a cry of "Deus volt!" or "God wills it!"

Pope Urban II asks religious followers to make a holy war --> expand power/land under Christian control

400

9. What was the primary goal of the crusaders in the Middle East?

Pope Urban II told the crusaders that they will be favored by God --> personal salvation  

peasants sought freedom in land they crusaded through in the middle east

500

10. Define cultural diffusion and explain how the crusades caused cultural diffusion

CD= spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another

Islam's golden age = technology/ architecture medicine/science/math --> spread to Europe

 

Rise of Islam

100

11. What text s essential to the practice of Islam?

Qu'ran

200

12. Define monotheism and name three monotheistic religions 

belief in one God

Islam/Christianity/ Judaism 

300

13. Why is Jerusalem considered a holy city?

has religious significance for Muslims, Christians and Jews

400

14. Name two ways Islam spread after the death of the prophet Muhammad 

war

well paid armies

peace treaties

500

15. Why is Mecca considered a holy city for Muslims?

birthplace of Muhammad

site of Muhammad's first revelation 

Gold-Salt Trade

100

16. Name three famous West African kingdoms 

Ghana, Mali, Songhai 

200

17. What resource was prevalent in North Africa? Wht resource was abundant in West Africa?

North Africa = Salt

West Africa = Gold

300

18. What famous King made a hajj to Mecca in the 1300? Name two long-term effects of his journey 

Mansa Musa, King of Mali 

pilgrimage --> Mecca

Traveled w/ Gold --> inflation in ares that didn't have lots of Gold, where gold was in scarcity  in was in abundance in North and Central Africa after Mansa Musa's hajj 

inflation = gold is less valuable because there's more of it

400

19. How did Islam spread to West Africa?

Mansa Musa's journey to Mecca

500

20. Define cultural diffusion and explain how the 

gold-salt trade is an example of cultural diffusion 

CD = Spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another

exchange of resources for survival, exchange of knowledge which further advanced society --> development of social, religious and political institutions

Japan + End of Middle Ages

100

21.What type of geographical feature is Japan? 

Archipelago

200

22.How did geography impact the economic development of Japan?

Island --> coastal jobs such as merchant, sailors, fisherman etc. Mountains = difficult to farm --> terrace farming

300

23.Name two classes in feudalism in Japan. What were their roles? How were they similar to European Feudalism?

Shogun/emperor = king / ruler of society

Samurai = knight / warrior class / code of honor

400

24.How did trade impact the Bubonic Plague? How did the Bubonic Plague impact European society?

trade spread the plague / plague killed 1/3 of European society / decreased economic production

500

25. Why did the Commercial Revolution lead to the fall of feudalism?

economic growth --> peasants less reliant on kings/lords