Democratic Institutions
Contentious Politics
Authoritarian Institutions
Political Violence
Democratic Participation
100
What branch of the government includes the bureaucracy?
Executive Branch


100
True or false - social movements cannot be violent.
False
100
What is the dictator's dilemma?
Authoritarian leaders do not know how much support they have among the populace of their state, meaning they may overspend on cooption attempts.
100
What forms of political violence generally targets civilians?
Terrorism and genocide
100

How do the electoral systems rank, in terms of voter turnout? (lowest to highest)

single member district (lowest) < mixed electoral systems < proportional representation (highest)

200
True or false - proportional representation is only used in parliamentary systems?
False
200
What is another term used for contentious politics?
unconventional political participation
200
What is one of the main functions of Iran's Guardian Council?
Selecting the Supreme Leader
200

What is the term used to describe attempts to eliminate a racial, ethnic, or religious group?

Genocide
200
What is one reason individuals may choose to join a political party?
Agreement with party platform, socialization, clientelistic benefits
300
What is judicial review?
The authority of the judiciary to decide if a specific law contradicts a state's constitution
300
In what type of states have social movements been most successful?
Wealthy democracies
300
What three policies do authoritarian leaders use to maintain power?
repression, cooption, and legitimacy
300
What is a revolution?
The use of violent tactics by a social movement that results in the overthrow of a regime.
300
What is social capital?
Social networks and norms of reciprocity that are important for a strong civil society
400
What are vertical and horizontal accountability?

Vertical accountability - constraints on the actions of government officials from the voters

Horizontal accountability - constraints on the actions of government officials from other parts of the government.

400
What problem must all social movements overcome in order to be successful?
Collective action problem
400
What are two reasons civil society groups may choose to cooperate with an authoritarian regime?
to gain material benefits, to best serve their members, and to prevent repression


400

What is a social revolution?

Social revolutions involve the fundamental transformation of both a regime and its associated social structure

400
Which is more decentralized, neocorporatist or pluralistic civil society?
Pluralist
500
What two positions share executive power in semipresidential systems?  How are they each selected?
President (direct election) and Prime Minister (selected by governing party/coalition in parliament)
500
What are the three theories used by comparative political scientists to explain why individuals join social movements?
Relative deprivation, values, and emotions
500
Why did the end of the Cold War lead to the emergence of electoral authoritarian regimes?
The international community began emphasizing democratization and some international donors required some semblance of democracy to receive aid money.
500
What is the relationship between civil war and ethnic fractionalization?
There is no consistent relationship, although it can be a factor in some situations.
500

What are two criticisms of proportional representation?

Less focus on local issues

Party bosses pick candidates

Small, extremist parties may gain more power through membership in a governing coalition

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