Health Systems
Global Health Initiatives
PEPFAR
Paying for Global Health
Implementing Health Programs
100
Consists of all the people, policies, and programs that work to promote health and prevent disease in a country.
What is a health system?
100
The United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
What is PEPFAR?
100

The United States President who established PEPFAR

Who is George W. Bush?
100
Money given directly from one country to another
What is bilateral aid?
100

This term refers to agencies, such as government, nongovernmental and private foundations, working together toward a common goal.

What is partnership?
200
These systems increase equity in access to health services and improve the efficiency of the health system by reducing the overuse of health services by the poor.
What are universal healthcare systems?
200

A 21st-century partnership organization designed to accelerate the end of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria as epidemics.

What is the Global Fund? 

Also accept: What is the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria?

200
Originally, PEPFAR funding was concentrated in 15 "focus" countries that were primarily in this region.
What is Africa?
200
Aid money pooled from many donors. Examples include aid provided through the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and other UN agencies.
What is multilateral aid?
200
These provide the bulk of health services and payment for health systems.
What are national governments?
300
The principle that if many low-risk people and a few high-risk people all pay premiums to an insurance system over many years, then there will be a pot of money that can be used to pay for major illnesses when they occur.
What is pooled risk?
300

Founded in 2001, its mission is to serve every person who is vulnerable to TB and ensure that high-quality diagnosis, treatment and care is available to all who need it.

What is the Stop TB Partnership?
300
As of September 2017, the number of people receiving lifesaving HIV treatment due to PEPFAR support.
What is 13.3 million?

(Accept 13 million)

300
A program, which may be stipulated as a condition of aid funding, in which the recipient country is required to raise taxes, reduce government spending, devalue its currency, eliminate price controls, and increase production of exports. These programs are designed to encourage capitalism through privatization of utilities and industries and deregulation of markets.
What is a structural adjustment program?
300
An approach that recognizes that health is dependent on other critical public sectors, such as agriculture, urban development, and education. It seeks to create policies in all sectors that will promote the health and well-being of populations.
What is "Health in All Policies"?
400
In most low-income and many high-income countries, there are very few healthcare services available in these areas.
What are rural areas?
400

Represents the largest commitment by any one nation to address a single disease in history.

What is PEPFAR?
400

This framework informs PEPFAR's current epidemic control strategy, specifying three targets - that 90 percent of people living with HIV know their status, 90 percent of people who know their status are accessing treatment, and 90 percent of people on treatment have suppressed viral loads.

 What is the UNAIDS 90-90-90 framework?

400
The majority of local and national public health initiatives around the world are provided by these, which are collected by the governments providing those services.
What are taxes?
400
The primary health agency of the United Nations
What is the World Health Organization?
500
This country with the greatest per capita expenditure on health 
What is the United States?
500

Claims to have saved more than 22 million lives by pooling the world’s resources to invest strategically in programs to end key disease epidemics. 

What is the Global Fund?

Also accept:

What is the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria?

500
The United States Cabinet Secretary that PEPFAR's leadership reports to directly
What is the Secretary of State?

Also accept: Who is Rex Tillerson or Who is Mike Pompeo?

500
The five donor nations that provide the greatest amount of official development assistance
What are the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan?
500
Nonprofit organizations that are privately managed and receive at least some of their funding from private sources. May be involved in direct action or may focus on lobbying and advocacy. Some may be faith-based organizations sponsored by religious groups. One challenge is balancing the goals of donors and the desires of recipients.
What are nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)?
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