Unit 1
In addition to petidoglycan, ____________ are an important component of the ell walls of Gram-negative bacteria.
Primary Growth is produced by the ________________.
Apical meristems
What happens in positive feedback? (hint: think direction of the stimulus).
The positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposing it.
What part of the brain coordinate muscle action?
Cerebellum
What causes an increase in the intensity of UV radiation reaching the earth?
Depletion of the atmospheric Ozone
What are three diseases caused by kinetoplastids?
Chagas disease, African Sleeping Sickness, and Leishmaniasis
What regulates the flow of water through the xylem?
Transpiration (the evaporation of water from the leaves)
What is the function of Helper T Cells?
Help activate B Cells and T cells to undergo clonal selection and proliferation
because the hormone ecdysone causes both molting and metamorphism in the catepillar to a butterfly, what determines when metamorphism takes place?
Low levels of JH Hormone
Euryarchaeota that obtain energy by using CO2 to oxidize H2 to CH4 are_______
Methanogens
A species is anchored by a stalk to its substrate. In addition to the stalk, the animal also has two shells of calcium carbonate and a horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles that surround the mouth for filter-feeding. What phyla is this animal?
Brachiopod
Which of the 5 main plant hormones are responsible for growth?
Auxin, cytokinin, and giberellins
List three characteristics of all veins.
Have valves that serve to maintain a unidirectional flow of blood, carry blood toward the heart, have thinner walls than arteries.
The parasympathetic system is to _______ as the sympathetic nervous system is to fight or flight.
rest and digest
If blood glucose levels were to rise above normal levels, you would expect levels of the hormone _________ to increase and that of ___________ to fall.
Insulin; glucagon
Why is the amniotic egg considered an evolutionary breakthrough?
What's the fundamental difference between matter and energy?
Matter is cycled through ecosystems; energy is not.
Fluid is forced out of systemic capillaries at the arteriole end because___________. (hint think about the different pressures)
The hydrostatic pressure of the blood is greater than the osmotic pressure of the blood.
What separates the left and right hemispheres of the brain and allows communication between both sides.
Corpus Callosum
A molecule in a plant is transported by going into the cytosol of one cell, by leaving the cytosol and entering the cell wall, then entering the cytosol of a second cell, this molecule has taken which transport route?
Transmembrane
When a nonpathogenic strain of bacteria is mixed with a heat-killed pathogenic strain, the former is converted to the pathogenic form. What is the process responsible for this conversion?
Transformation
For every 300J of plant material consumed by a grasshopper, 100J end up in the feces, 150 J is used up during cellular respiration, and 50 J is incorporated into the new biomass. What is the production efficiency of the grasshopper?
50/ ( 150+50) = 25%
The source of trypsin and chymotrypsin is the ________________.
Pancreas
What happens in the cell during depolarization.
The Potassium channels close and the sodium channels open causing a net inflow of sodium ions into the cell.
Explain a mechanism by which antidiuretic hormone (ADH) regulates blood osmolarity. What type of feedback circuit is involved?
Blood osmolarity increases as a consequence of sweating. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect the increase in blood osmolarity and release ADH. ADH acts upon the collecting ducts to increase the number of aquaporin channels. The aquaporins enhance reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts reducing blood osmolarity. Negative Feedback