Confederation
What year did Canada become an independent country?
1867
John A Macdonald became the first what of Canada in 1867?
Prime Minister (also minister of justice)
How many conferences that lead to confederation were there?
Three
Which Maritime provinces initially joined confederation?
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
What provinces did Upper and Lower Canada become?
Upper became Ontario and Lower became Quebec.
what were the first four provinces to join confederation?
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia
Who were the three leaders of the Great Coalition?
John A Macdonald, George Brown, and George Cartier.
Where and when was the first conference held
In Charlottetown in 1864.
Why didn't PEI agree to join in 1867?
They were mad that they were offered so few seats and thought they weren't offered enough money. They also wanted Canada to deal with their absentee landlord problem.
What were two things Ontario hoped to achieve through confederation?
Better government, more able to defend itself, more trade with the other provinces to make up for lack of trade with the US and UK.
What were the corn laws and why were they important to Canada.
A set of tariffs England imposed on wheat from other countries. Appealing them seriously hurt Canada's farming based economy.
What was the name of the man who attended all of the conferences and eventually convinced BC to join confederation?
Amor de Cosmos
What was decided at the Quebec Conference of 1864?
The 72 articles of Confederation that decided what Canada was going to look like and who would have what powers.
Who were the Fenians?
Irish people who attacked Canada from the USA, hoping to be able to force the UK to treat Ireland better.
What were two of the things that Quebec wanted out of Confederation?
to be able to protect the French Language and their unique culture, better government, more trade with the other provinces, and to be able to protect itself from American expansion.
What was the last region to join confederation and when did it join?
Nunavut split from the NWT in 1999.
Which father of confederation was assassinated for his role in bringing Canada together?
Thomas McGee
Why did the London conference almost fail?
The great coalition was late, Joseph Howe almost convinced the British government not to pass the BNA act!
What were two things that the Maritimes wanted out of confederation?
Strong provincial governments so they would have some autonomy and a railway that would offer them new markets for their goods.
what does 'rep by pop' stand for and what does it mean?
Representation by population. It means that the different areas of Canada would have more or less say in a federal government based on how many people lived in those areas.
What are some issues from Confederation that still exist today?
Exclusion of First Nations in deciding policy, conflict between different regions, issues with corruption, how to incorporate Quebec into Canada, dividing up money, and some parts of Canada feeling left out of the decision making process to name a few.
Name two of the things Macdonald is accused of that has hurt his legacy.
His role in starting residential schools, his treatment of Louis Riel and other Metis, and his role in the Pacific Scandal (taking bribes for railways).
Whose opinions mattered at these conferences?
Only the opinions of white men mattered, though the fathers of confederations wives did convince them of some things. First Nations concerns were not taken into consideration.
What was the opinion of the Maritimes to Canada before 1864.
They didn't have much to do with them. Most of their trade was with the UK or the USA. They were more interested in forming a country of just the Maritimes than with joining together to form Canada.
Why might Quebec have disliked the idea of rep by pop?
They were worried that it would eventually lead to their being assimilated into English Canada. More and more immigrants were moving from the UK to Canada ever year while the French population wasn't growing nearly as fast.